본 연구의 목적은 사회복귀시설에서 제공하는 통합정신재활서비스가 정신장애인의 재활성과에 어떤 영향을 미치는지에 대해 다양한 측정치를 통해 알아보고, 정신재활모형에 기초한 삶의 ...

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본 연구의 목적은 사회복귀시설에서 제공하는 통합정신재활서비스가 정신장애인의 재활성과에 어떤 영향을 미치는지에 대해 다양한 측정치를 통해 알아보고, 정신재활모형에 기초한 삶의 ...
본 연구의 목적은 사회복귀시설에서 제공하는 통합정신재활서비스가 정신장애인의 재활성과에 어떤 영향을 미치는지에 대해 다양한 측정치를 통해 알아보고, 정신재활모형에 기초한 삶의 질 모형 개발을 통해 정신재활모형의 네 단계 요소가 어떤 기제를 통해 재활성과에 영향을 주는지 검증하는 것이었다.
연구 1에서는 1년 동안의 추적연구를 통해 통합정신재활서비스의 효과를 알아보았다. 통합정신재활서비스는 정신재활모형에 기초한 교육서비스 즉, 약물·증상교육, 사회기술훈련, 직업재활, 편견해소활동 등이었다. 참여자는 실험집단이 통합서비스를 받은 정신장애인 30이었고, 통제집단은 재가서비스를 통해 상담만 받은 정신장애인 18명이었다. 평가는 사전검사, 사후검사(6개월 후), 추수검사(1년 후)에 실시하였으며, 평가척도는 간이정신진단검사, 한국판 기능평가, 삶의 질 검사였다.
결과는 첫째, 통합정신재활서비스가 정신장애인의 전반적인 증상을 감소시켰으며, 특히 우울, 불안, 적대감 증상을 유의하게 감소시키는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 기능의 전체점수를 향상시켰으며, 특히 일상생활수행기능이 높아졌다. 셋째, 삶의 질 전체점수도 향상되었으며, 긍정적인 자기지각, 불편감, 정서적 불안정성의 하위요인이 상승되었다. 통제집단의 경우 증상, 기능 및 삶의 질 모든 척도에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았다.
연구 2에서는 선행연구들을 바탕으로 정신재활모형의 네가지 구성요소인 손상, 기능결함, 역할장애, 불이익과 더하여 지각된 사회지지, 자기효능감의 요인들로 정신장애인 삶의 질의 이론적 모형을 구축하였다. 참여자는 전국의 27곳의 사회복귀시설을 이용하는 정신장애인 452명이었다. 삶의 질 모형을 검증하기 위해 한국판 증상-기능 척도, 직업효능감 척도, 편견척도, 지각된 사회지지 척도, 자기효능감 척도를 사용하여 측정하였다.
결과는 첫째, 정신재활모형의 구성요소 중 손상과 기능결함, 기능결함과 역할장애는 상호 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 역할장애와 불이익은 서로 영향을 주지 않았다. 또한 지각된 사회지지와 자기효능감은 정신재활모형의 구성요소에 영향을 주는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 그러나 자기효능감은 기능결함에 영향을 주지 않았다. 둘째, 정신장애인의 삶의 질에 손상과 기능결함, 역할장애, 불이익이 영향을 주었으며, 지각된 사회지지와 자기효능감도 삶의 질에 영향을 주었다. 마지막으로 정신재활모형에 기초한 삶의 질 모형이 정신장애인의 삶의 질을 설명하는데 적절한 모형인 것으로 나타났다.
결론적으로 정신장애인의 재활성과를 향상시키기 위해서는 개별적 프로그램 서비스보다는 통합정신재활서비스가 효과적임이 확인되었고, 그 당위성은 삶의 질 모형에서 증명되었다. 따라서 현재 우리나라의 사회복귀시설에서는 통합정신재활서비스 프로그램을 실시하는 것이 필수적이며, 또한 이를 위해 정신재활모형에 기초한 다양한 프로그램들이 개발되어야 할 것이다. 앞으로의 연구에서는 신뢰롭고 타당한 측정치를 다양하게 사용하여 재활성과를 평가해야 할 것이며, 더하여 정신장애인 삶의 질 모형 개발에 인지기능, 성격 등의 요인을 포함시켜야 할 것이다.
다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)
The purpose of this study was twofold. The first purpose was to test the effectiveness of the integrated psychiatric rehabilitation services provided by a psychosocial rehabilitation center using various measures. The second purpose was to develop a t...
The purpose of this study was twofold. The first purpose was to test the effectiveness of the integrated psychiatric rehabilitation services provided by a psychosocial rehabilitation center using various measures. The second purpose was to develop a theoretical model of quality of life based on the psychiatric rehabilitation model and test how the several constructs within the developed model were influencing each other on the rehabilitation outcomes.
In study 1, the effectiveness of the integrated psychiatric rehabilitation services was tested using a one-year longitudinal study design. The integrated psychiatric rehabilitation services included medication?symptom management training, social skills training, vocational rehabilitation, and activities of bias removal, which were based on the psychiatric rehabilitation model. In the experimental group, 30 participants received the integrated psychiatric rehabilitation services. Eighteen subjects who were assigned to the comparison group received counseling services only which was provided in the subjects' home. All the subjects completed a battery of measurements before the study began and post-test and follow-up test were completed in 6 months and 12 months respectively. The measures utilized in study 1 included the Symptom Checklist-90- Revision(SCL-90-R), the Korean version of Behavior Symptom Identification Scale(BASIS-32), and the quality of life scale.
The results of the study 1 are as follows. First, the integrated psychiatric rehabilitation services were associated with overall symptom reduction in the experimental group. Especially, the statistically significant reduction in symptoms was observed in the domains of depression, anxiety, and hostility. Second, the services were associated with an increased level of overall social functioning for the experimental group, especially in the domain of activities of daily living. Third, the subjects in the experimental group also reported higher scores in quality of life scales compared to the comparison group and statistically significant changes were observed in the domains of self-awareness, inconvenience, and emotional unstability. Contrary to the experimental group, no statistical differences were observed in the comparison group throughout all the measures examined in this study.
In study 2, an attempt was made to develop a theoretical model of quality of life for the severely mentally ill. In developing this theoretical model, this study added several important constructs including the perceived social support and the self-efficacy in addition to the basic psychiatric rehabilitation model consisting of the four constructs including impairment, dysfunction, disability, and handicap. The participants were 452 severely & persistently mentally ill people who were attending 27 psychosocial rehabilitation centers nationwide. The measures employed in study 2 included the Korean version of Behavior Symptom Identification Scale(BASIS-32), the Career Search Self-Efficacy Scale, the Prejudice Scale, the perceived social support, and the self-efficacy scale.
The first main findings of the study 2 were that the constructs of impairment and dysfunction and the constructs of dysfunction and disability were influencing each other respectively in explaining the subjects' level of quality of life. However, it was found that the constructs of disability and handicap did not have any reciprocal influence on the subjects' quality of life. Secondly, the levels of impairment, dysfunction, disability, and handicap were found to be significantly associated with subjects' level of quality of life. It was also found that perceived social support and self-efficacy were statistically significant predictors of quality of life. Finally, the theoretical model of quality of life developed in this study was found to be valid in explaining the subjects' overall level of quality of life.
In conclusion, the results of this study indicated that the integrated psychiatric rehabilitation services rather than individual program services is more effective for better outcomes and this argument was justified again empirically by the theoretical model of quality of life developed in this study. Therefore, based on the results of the present study, it was argued that it is essential for the psychosocial rehabilitation centers in Korea to provide the integrated psychiatric rehabilitation services to the severely mentally ill population. For this, more programs that should be based on the psychiatric rehabilitation model should be developed. Future studies should be directed to test rehabilitation outcomes using more reliable & valid scales. In addition, it will be also important to consider other constructs such as cognitive functioning, personality traits in developing theoretical model of quality of life.
목차 (Table of Contents)