Recently, interest in cultural policies and public administration has been heightened due to the proliferation of social awareness concerning discussions about directionality of new cultural policies such as changes in internal and external environmen...
Recently, interest in cultural policies and public administration has been heightened due to the proliferation of social awareness concerning discussions about directionality of new cultural policies such as changes in internal and external environment surrounding culture, cultural identity, mode of executing cultural campaigns, and cultural governance. In particular, academic research themes on cultural governance have emerged as the main interest as the recognition of the role and function of government is being demanded socially, as society becomes increasingly people-centered.
In line with such development, the new cultural adjustment systems, which assume the role of systematically adjusting and integrating the requests of people, arose. That is, in the domain of culture, the necessity of having to develop new and rational cultural policy through cooperation between the governments, market and people oriented society has been raised. Our society has already experienced failures of government and market. As such, the new concept and theoretical framework to surmount such experience failure in the people oriented society also needs to be equipped with capacity to resolve it.
In order to achieve this, the conversion of paradigm that can establish a framework for coexistence of various fields of cultural domains and new alternative for the establishment of harmony between educational systems in various academic fields are needed. One of the discussions on the new paradigm and alternative if the concept of network governance. Search for cultural governance model that is centered around a people oriented society in which nations and civil domains, within the domain of culture, becomes established in the midst of mutual trust and cooperation is extremely urgent. Significance should be placed on the fact that the discussion on such changes ought to start from a dimension different from the operational methods centered around government, which is the mode exercised so far.
This research endeavored to seek the oriented aspects of a cultural governance model suitable for Korea through a new cultural governance model which included the awareness of such issues. In addition, this research looked into the expansion of the participation of citizens and of civil domain due to the insufficiency in ability of the government to cope within the domain of culture, and capitalization of culture as a means of surviving in the competitive structure of the globe for our cultural industry. This cultural industry has already grown enormously and has created on establishment of a cultural cluster for the capitalization of culture.
The new cultural governance model can clarify the separate domains of the three key subjects, namely the nation, citizens and enterprises, on the basis of specialization. On the basis of this, it shall align with the overall macro-governance of nation and society that organically progresses to a mutual understanding and exchange.
The following is an overview of this research.
First, Chapter 1 outlines the purpose and method for conducting research on cultural governance model centered on case studies of cultural policies in Korea.
Chapter 2, includes a preliminary research theme around case studies of cultural policies in Korea, evaluated discussions on governance and established cultural governance theory on the basis of the evaluation. In order to re-direct focus on the discussions of governance, generation of, changes in, concept and types of general theory of governance have to be reviewed. Furthermore, reevaluated discussions of governance as well as suggestions on the direction of governance suitable for Korea should be inclining. In addition, concept and approach theory of cultural governance through theoretical discussion on governance have been defined.
In Chapter 3, domestic and foreign cultural policies were observed through cultural governance theory, as well as failure and problems of cultural policies in Korea were diagnosed. Furthermore, history, structure, cultural policy and cultural governance of various countries were looked into, and the direction for the cultural policy model of Korea was sought through this.
In Chapter 4, composition of the system for this research was made on the basis of the discussions from the previous Chapter, and an analytical framework of research was set through this composition. Analytical framework of this research is divided into analysis of each level of content. Analysis of each level is further subdivided into key figures of various subjects and analysis methods. Analysis of content is subdivided into evaluation of policy cases and statistical analysis of resulting discussions.
In Chapter 5, discussions of cultural governance with festivities among the cultural policies, as examples, have been analyzed in accordance with the analytical framework. First, the contents of discussions on cultural policies have been categorized into three categories: ① types of governance on festivities organized by government ② types of governance on festivities organized by the civilians' ③ types of governance on festivities organized by the cooperation of civilians and government offices. In order to evaluate the cultural policy model of Korea, cases were categorized into four types: ① cases resulting from 'civilian autonomy' that excludes intervention and interference of government ② cases of failures due to excessive intervention of government ③ cases resulting from the impassiveness of the nation and the irrational practices of non-governmental domains (cultural artists) ④ cases in which intervention by the government and participation of civilians are sufficiently guaranteed. Advantages and disadvantages of cases have been analyzed from these four categories and from this a new model for cultural governance suitable for Korea has been put forward for proposal.
In Chapter 6, discussions on cultural governance have been organized and statistically analyzed in order to propose the future direction for the policies of cultural festivities on the basis of the themes discussed in Chapter 5. Such statistical analysis can be divided into two categories: analysis of cultural discussions and analysis that is related to systemic situations. First, analysis of discussions, when analyzed through implementation of the Q-question method illustrated: ① discussions type on festivities organized by government ② discussions type on festivities organized by civilians ③ discussions type on festivities organized by cooperation between civilians and government offices. Characteristics of these were similar to the case of policy analysis. Second, on the contents that are related to the systematic situation, minute amounts of information were handled, sufficient enough for utilization as supporting data for analysis of policy cases.
In Chapter 7, this research was summarized. Proposals, in order to make Korea a nation with cultural prowess in the 21st Century, for allowing a paradigm shift, capitalization of culture, and establishment of a cultural cluster, were made. Embedded significance of policy resulting from such proposals as well as limitation of this research have been looked into.
If the domain for cultural governance can open its doors of progress for cultural policy of Korea along with other domains by mutual actions with governance of the overall aspect of society through this research, then this would be a very significant discussion. That is, I am of the opinion that this research on cultural governance will not only induce motivation for the research of new governance theories in other academic fields, but also be beneficial to the progress of culture of Korea. Further, involvement of society in the discussions about cultural governance will substantially contribute towards resolving cultural conflicts of our society and also continuously trigger important content for discussion about cultural governance.