알코올중독자 자녀 심리재활을 위한 모래놀이치료 사례연구 = (A) Case Study of Sand-Play Therapy for Psychological Rehabilitation of Children of Alcoholics

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구의 목적은 심리·사회적으로 문제를 가지고 있는 알코올중독자 자녀들에게 모래놀이치료를 적용하여 심리 재활을 도모한 사례연구이다. 자존감이 낮고 가족기능에 대한 부정적 인식을 가지고 있는 알코올중독자 자녀들에게 집단사회사업적 접근은 청소년의 내면을 파악하는데 어려움이 많으므로 이러한 부분을 보완하여 보다 심층적이고 전반적인 심리치료기법을 적용하여 사례연구를 한 것이 이 연구의 큰 의미라고 할 수 있다.
모래놀이치료에서는 치료자와 내담자간의 긴밀한 신뢰감 형성을 기반으로 하는 지지기법으로 치료자는 내담자에게 비지시적인 태도로 수용과 존중을 하고, 내담자는 치료자에게 전이함으로써 자기 치유의 힘을 최대화하는 것이다. 이 때 내담자는 모래상자라는 통로를 통하여 자신을 통합해간다.
치료자가 청소년의 내적인 흐름을 공감하는 프로그램이 적은 현실에서 자신을 표출함에 있어 언어화가 어려운 사춘기 청소년들에게 모래는 모래놀이에 필요한 정도의 퇴행을 하게 하고, 모래상자 안에서 안정과 통합을 이루는 모래놀이치료는 알코올중독자 자녀들에게 개별 접근해 나가는데 유용한 기제가 되었다.
본 연구에서는 두 개의 사례를 다루었다.
첫 번째 사례는 고등학교 2학년에 재학중인 여학생으로 모래놀이치료를 통하여 아버지와 알코올릭을 동일시하였는데 분리하게 되는 과정을 거치면서 아버지의 부정적인 상(象)이 긍정적으로 변하여 마음속에 있는 아버지의 부성(父性)을 다시 찾아가면서 자기 자신에 대한 회복이 이루어져 자존감도 높아지고 아버지에 대한 부정적인 인식이 긍정적으로 변화된 사례이다.
두 번째 사례는 고등학교 2학년에 재학중인 남학생으로 통합되어 가는 과정에서 종결이 되었지만 모래놀이를 통하여 내담자가 가족에서 아버지의 자리를 제거시켰는데 아버지의 자리를 찾게 되었으며 내담자는 아버지와 동일시하여 자기 자신을 비참하게 여기고 자존감이 낮았지만 분리하는 과정을 통해 비로소 자기를 인정하고 받아들이게 되었다는 것에 의미를 두고자 한다.
이와 같이 사례연구를 통해 모래놀이치료가 내담자의 자아존중감을 향상시키고 알코올릭으로 인해 아버지에 대한 부정적인 인식이 긍정적으로 변화하는데 효과가 있음을 알게 되었다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study was to help the children of alcoholics with psychological and social problem. This study focused on the possibility of the application of Sand-Play Therapy to solve the problems of the children of alcoholics for the purpose of their psychological rehabilitation.
The sand play therapy is a kind of method to cure the client's mental trauma through the sessions under a premise that the rapport is constructed between the client and the therapist.
Two cases were dealt with in order to see the changes in their mind and attitude by the sand play therapy.
The first case was with a female who was in the second grade in high school. When she first came to the office to get the counseling, she had a complain to her father because she was in a great conflict with her father for a long time. Her father was an alcoholic. He drank 4 to 5 bottles of alcohol every day. After drinking, he used to hit her mother, and annoy the family. His father is an alcoholic and his brothers are also alcoholics. So, he is an alcoholic genetically. So, she didn't love her father and her self-esteem was very low. In the course of counseling, she showed the typical characteristic of the children of alcoholics and was identified as a COA. After several sessions of general counseling, she was proposed to do it. Considering for a while, she agreed upon doing the sand play.
She had done 10 sessions.
At the first session, she expressed the world where she wanted to go, and where she did not want to go. She opened her mind at the first session of the sand play. In other words, she had confidence to the therapist because the rapport was constructed between the female client and the therapist during the former sessions. The sand play must be done with the confidence between the client and the therapist.
She had done the 10 sessions with joy. Through the 10 sessions she made a great progress in the relationship with her father. After the sand play, she got a positive image of her father, and she said she didn't hate her father any more. And it was cleared that her self-esteem was improved much more than before by the results of the tests. The test tools to check the changes in her personality and attitude was CAST, Self-Esteem Scale, and the Family Function Scale.
Finally, she has found out the image of father in her mind. The sand play was extraordinarily effective to the female client.
The second case was with a male. He was in the second grade in high school. His case was brought to the therapist by his teacher. He was shrunken from the people, and he didn't like to speak in the public. His father was in the hospital at that time because of alcoholism. But he denied his father was an alcoholic. His mother was taking charge of the family, but she was going to divorce.
He had a typical characteristics of the children of alcoholics, having a negative image of father in his mind. When he was proposed to play sand play, he was not willing to do that.
He had done 8 sessions.
In the early sessions, he didn't put the figure to be regarded as his father. He also put the place of his mother empty. It indicates he lost his family. At the time of completion of this paper, his sand therapy sessions did not show the termination. But he made a great progress through the sessions. At the beginning of the sand play therapy, the rapport was not made between the client and the therapist. But, at the 7th session, he put the red crystal as a symbol of fire. The fire expressed the anger in his deep mind began to come out. That is the start of opening his mind to the therapist. Therefore, if the sessions continued more, he might get some more achievement. It was the journey of finding a family.
In the study of this paper, it can be said that the sand play therapy is effective to cure the deep hurt in one's mind and can rehabilitate the children of alcoholics psychologically.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 목차 = ⅵ
• Ⅰ. 서론 = 1
• 1. 연구의의 = 1
• 2. 연구의 목적 및 문제 = 3
• 3. 연구의 제한점 = 3
• Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 = 4
• 1. 알코올중독자 자녀 = 4
• 2. 알코올중독자 가족의 특성 = 7
• 3. 모래놀이치료 = 13
• 4. 선행연구 고찰 = 24
• Ⅲ. 연구방법 = 29
• 1. 연구대상 = 29
• 2. 측정도구 = 29
• 3. 연구절차 = 32
• Ⅳ. 연구결과분석 = 34
• 1. 사례 A = 34
• 2. 사례 B = 54
• Ⅴ. 결론 및 제언 = 70
• 1. 결론 = 70
• 2. 제언 = 72
• 참고문헌 = 74
• 부록 = 79
• Abstract = 86