국궁의 전통사법에 대한 고찰 = (A) Study on the Art of Korean Traditional Archery

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Korean Traditional Archery(KTA) has a long history more than 5,000 years. It has been developed by Han-gyeore, Korean People, during the long history, and it has become a unique Archery Customs that can not be found in any other country. The Art of Archery also has formed a complete system superior to any other shooting skills of archery.
Unfortunately we can hardly find any documents as a written form about KTA. There was no document during Yi-dynasty, Joseon, when the bow was used as arms. It was not until the year 1929 when the book on KTA was first published, whose title was 'Joseon ui Gungsul', which meant Korean Archery. But it was not highly noticed by the academic world.
Recently in the late 1990s, some people who actually practice KTA began to publish books on the Archery, and now KTA is in the process of being written as documents.
As for the Art of KTA, it is far from being discussed, which is because of the some features it has. The target is located as long as 145 meters away from the shooting line, and it is difficult for one to get good hitting points constantly whenever he shoots. It takes a long time for one to master KTA, so the one who has practiced it for 10 years is often treated as 'a beginner', the one for 30 years is common. There are many people who are celebrated for their spending 60 years in practicing KTA. Considering all of these facts, who dare to say that he himself has mastered the Art of KTA after practicing it for 10 or 20 years? That is the main reason why the discussion on the Art of KTA could not become hot discussion.
We should not, however, keep silence about that forever in the following situation. With the appearance of Modernized Korean Bow, Gaeryang-gung, in 1970s, some remarkable changes began to appear in the Art of KTA. Without noticing these changes, many young archers began to imitate the changed Art of KTA which is different from old one. At this point of time, if we do not theorize on what is the original form of the Art of KTA, we may mistake these changed form for traditional one in the future. In this point of view, we need to systematize the Art of KTA in a written form.
In this study, I have met many old veteran archers who have practiced KTA for more than 50 years, and I put their various opinions together. Standing on the basis of synthesized their opinions, I tried to reconstruct the form of the KTA. The result of this process is the following.
The procedure of KTA can be classified as three movements in the order of time sequence; Preparation movements, Main movements, Finishing movements. If we explain these movements in detail, there are 10 steps; Preparation movements― Foot position, Hand grip, Feeding arrow; Main movement― Arraying bow, Raising arms, Pushing down big toes, Kkakji hand drawing, Perfect draw, Shooting arrow; Finishing movement― Follow-through.
Foot position refers to what we call 'bijeong-bipal', if you are right-handed, your left foot should point to the left edge of the target, and your right foot is apart twice times as widely as your fist-width from the other foot. With regard to bow hand, you should seize bow grip sideways, not uprightly. Before drawing the string, you use kkakji, a special thumb ring. An arrow is nocked on the nocking point of the string. You position the string on the kkakji and draw back the string. All of these procedure are Preparation movements, now you get into Main movements.
To begin with, you lift the bow and position the lower tip of the bow on your lower abdomen. In the meantime, you inspect all your posture. Next, you raise your bow hand to the height of your forehead. If you slightly push down your big toes to the ground, you can feel the center of gravity of your body moving forward. At the moment, pushing forward your bow hand to the target, you start to draw back the string. In this Perfect draw position you hold on for 2-3 seconds and aim at the target then shoot the arrow. In this shooting process, while you are supporting the grip of the bow toward the target steady, you shoot the arrow by kkakji hand drawing back. At the same time, you stretch out your kkakji hand promptly. And then you put down your both hands where they are first.
According to the statement above, we can find the fact that the Art of Archery stated by old veteran archers corresponds to the Art of Archery described in 'Joseon ui Gungsul' published in 1929. So the precious product of this study is that we reconfirm that the Art of Korean Traditional Archery is the very thing that was described in 'Joseon ui Gungsul'.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 목차
• 1. 머리말 = 1
• 1) 연구의 필요성 = 1
• 2) 선행 연구 검토 = 2
• 3) 연구의 방법 = 3
• 2. 전통 사법의 실제 = 6
• (1) 사법 서술 방법론 = 6
• (2) 기본 용어 = 7
• (3) 전통사법 = 10
• 1) 발모양 : 비정비팔 = 10
• 2) 손가짐 = 14
• 3) 살메우기 = 18
• 4) 걸치기 = 19
• 5) 죽 올리기 = 20
• 6) 엄지발가락 누르기 = 21
• 7) 깍지손 끌기 = 21
• 8) 온작[滿酌] = 23
• 9) 발시 = 25
• 10) 거두기 = 30
• (4) 전통 사법의 원리 = 31
• 1) 역근 = 31
• 2) 짜임(매심) = 34
• 3) 펼침(맞심) = 36
• 4) 단전호흡 = 37
• (5) 전통 사법의 의의 = 39
• 3. 맺음말 = 43
• 참고문헌 = 45
• ABSTRACT = 52