관광호텔경영관리자의 리더십 유형에 따른 집단응집력, 자긍심, 조직몰입이 직무성과에 미치는 영향 = (The)impacts of hotel manager's leadership by group cohesiveness, self-esteem and organizational commitment to job performance

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Ⅰ. Introduction
The leadership and management skill to work effectively can guarantee the successful administration of the organization. Therefore, for the hotel business to survive in severe competition, hotel manager's leadership and hotel employee's capability to comply it is the key to the good performance of the organization.
The current condition for the hotel business these days is uncertain and continuously changing. The 9·11 tragedy even worsened the situation, though the hotel manager has been striving to get better performance. Since the studies on the leadership of hotel organization have been scarce, and the researches performed are not rich enough to meet the current needs on this issue.
Thus, we need to first look into what the hotel manager's leadership is, and how it fits to the current hotel environment.
In this research, we are to verify the hypotheses we set up from the data we gathered and processed statistically. These findings will show what we need to do to improve the job performance and to strengthen the competitiveness in this field.
Ⅱ. Methodology
This research has basically literature research. Literature research was used in designing priority research model and research hypotheses. We also have adopted the questionnaires to collect statistical data that were needed in verification process.
We have selected the employee engaged in the high-class hotels mainly located in Seoul, Busan, and Gyengju as the sample distribution for the research. In the analysis of the collected data, we applied statistical method and used statistical processing program called SPSS, after getting the collected data through the data coding process. We distributed 900 questionnaires in all and obtained 845 respondents. 31 copies of the questionnaire were excluded, and quality-answered 814 were used in the analyses.
Ⅲ. Outcome of the Research
This study starts with some assumptions that hotel manager's leadership in tourist hotel may affect employee's group cohesiveness, self-esteem, organizational commitment and job performance. The purpose of this study was to find a solution to some managerial problems from the present difficult environments of hotel administration by improving service qualities.
On the complicated and dynamic environment of hotel industry, top manager control the core parts by way of resolute restructuring and out-sourcing in order to overcome the hardest managerial conditions. This worsened the service qualities. In addition, the system of compulsory hiring manager has changed to voluntary items by law for the promotion of tourism. Therefore, employees field hotel should pay much attention to personal capabilities so as to win their own existing values.
Under these hard environments, the necessity of this research lies in requiring the excellent leadership of hotel manager and enhancing hotel employee's group cohesiveness, self-esteem, organizational commitment and job performance as well.
The model of this study assumes the employee's job performance as a key result variable. The types of leadership are selected as independent variables.
The employee's group cohesiveness, self-esteem, organizational commitment are regarded as dependent variables.
Based on the precedent research, the transformational leadership factors are chosen as follows : charisma, individualized consideration and intellectual stimulation on the questionnaire.
The transactional leadership factors include contingent rewards and management-by-exception. Sample subjects used in this study were 814 employees working at hotel locating in Seoul, Busan and Gyeongju. The data from this survey were analyzed by using various statistical techniques including frequency tables, factor analysis, correlation methods and regression analysis.
The results from the analyses are summarized as follows:
First, hotel manager's leadership styles in tourist hotel significantly affect the employee's group cohesiveness and organizational commitment.
Second, hotel manager's leadership styles partly influence on the self-esteem.
Third, the employee's group cohesiveness, self-esteem, organizational commitment have a significant impact on their job performance.
Considering the notion that hotel industry is a service industry with human factor, the findings of this study indicate the significant of emotional aspect of organizational understanding.
Hotel manager should set rules and standards for their employees in order to improve their abilities. They should provide visions and missions of hotel business for their employees to follow and inspire subordinates self-esteem by themselves. These changes of hotel manager's administrational paradigm are needed to receive respect and faith from employee.
Ⅳ. Implications of the study
This research showed that the awareness, group cohesiveness, self-esteem, organizational commitment and job performance of the hotel manager can actually contribute to the hotel business performance.
As findings of this research show, the leadership of good skilled hotel managers is influential in enhancing awareness, group cohesiveness, self-esteem, organizational commitment and job performance of themselves. In this age of uncertainty, the charismatic leadership of hotel manager would lead to the mutual trust and respect among the manager and employee. By sharing the vision of the future goal and making efforts to respond actively in this rapidly changing world, we can get competitiveness in this field of hotel management. But as we have seen in this research, the one-way leadership would not work effectively, while the transformational and transactional leadership are considered to be what really count.
We also have noticed that the group cohesiveness and self-esteem, organizational commitment actually helped get better performance of hotel employee. In particular, self-esteem influence the most in the successful work performance.
Ⅴ. Limitations of the study and future research
This study has limitations in some respects.
First, we have just selected target hotels located in Seoul, Busan and Gyeongju.
Second, we surveyed the hotel employee working in high-class hotels. That may lead to the unsuccessful verification of the leadership performance.
Third, we also took the employee's view point into consideration in studying the relationship between hotel manager and hotel employee, thus the hotel manager perspective was not counted in. As for the quality of service, we depended on the perspective of service provider, not of the customer, limiting the chances of understanding both parties.
Finally, most literatures and references in this research are published not in Korea, so we cannot say that they have reflected the Korean hotels' situation, ways of doing business, values and customs, and business culture.
To overcome the limitations in this study, more deep research and better methodology are hoped to be employed. The studies toward the leader, not toward the employee should also be considered in the future research.
The importance of sample diversification in the research need to be taken into consideration as well.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 목차 = ⅳ
• 제1장 서론 = 1
• 제1절 문제의 제기 및 연구의 목적 = 1
• 제2절 연구의 방법과 범위 = 4
• 제2장 이론적 고찰 = 7
• 제1절 관광호텔경영관리자의 리더십 = 7
• 제2절 리더십 유형 = 9
• 1. 변혁적 리더십(transformational leadership) = 9
• 2. 거래적 리더십(transactional leadership) = 23
• 제3절 집단응집력, 자긍심 및 조직몰입 = 29
• 1. 집단응집력(group cohesiveness) = 29
• 2. 자긍심(self-esteem) = 33
• 3. 조직몰입(organizational commitment) = 36
• 제4절 직무성과(job performance) = 40
• 제5절 리더십이 집단응집력, 자긍심 및 조직몰입에 미치는 영향 = 44
• 1. 선행연구의 음미 = 44
• 2. 본 연구의 관점 = 49
• 제3장 연구방법 및 변수의 고찰 = 50
• 제1절 연구모형 및 가설의 설정 = 50
• 1. 연구모형의 설정 = 50
• 2. 연구가설의 설정 = 53
• 제2절 실증조사의 개요 = 60
• 1. 연구조사의 표본 = 60
• 2. 설문지의 구성과 내용 = 61
• 3. 변수의 조작적 정의 = 62
• 4. 측정방법 = 63
• 제4장 실증조사의 분석 및 해석 = 65
• 제1절 측정도구의 예비조사 = 65
• 제2절 표본의 일반적 성격 = 66
• 제3절 측정도구의 타당성과 신뢰성의 재검증 = 68
• 1. 타당성 분석과 신뢰성 분석 = 68
• 2. 상관분석 = 77
• 제4절 연구가설의 검증 = 79
• 1. 연구가설의 검증 = 79
• 2. 분석결과의 해석 = 90
• 3. 연구결과의 시사점 = 94
• 제5장 결론 = 98
• 제1절 연구결과의 요약 = 98
• 제2절 시사점 요약 = 100
• 제3절 연구의 한계점과 향후의 연구과제 = 101
• 참고문헌 = 102
• Abstract = 111