紫霞洞의 歌詞와 音樂

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Kasa(歌詞; words of song) of Chahadong (紫霞洞; one of Koryo Sogak(高麗俗樂) Koryo Sogak is Korea folk song in Koryo Dynasty) were described in Koryosa ( 高麗史; one of history book for Koryo Dynasty), volume 71, and its music is only described in Tasak-hupo(大樂後譜; one of Korean folk song note in Chosón Dynasty). Since the music and Kasa of Chahadong are shown individually, we cannot recognize which Kasa of Chahadong is coresponding to the music of song correctly. In this thesis, we investigated what the music and Kasa of Chaha-dong is composed, by applying the Kasa of Chahadong in Koryõsa to the music of song in Taeak-hupo.

First of all, we found out Youm(餘音: lingering sound) by analyzing the music of Chahadong compared with the song of Hoingsalmun (橫殺門: Korean folk song of Choson Dynasty) which must be originated from Chahadong: 11-12, 19-20, 28, 33-36 Haeng (行: line) in Chontan(前段; first part), and 43-44, 52, 57-58, 65-68 Haeng in Hutan (後段: second part) were found out to be Yoún. Therefore, we can attach the Kasa of song on the remaining Haeng of music excluding Youm. According to the Hoingsalmun, two syllable word 'au' should attached on 59-60 Haeng, although au is never found in Koryosa-akchi(高麗史樂誌; music part of Koryosa). In addition, we also studied such Koryő Sogak as Ponghwangue (鳳凰吟), Chinjak(美勺), and Chihwapyong (致和平) to analyze the music of Chahadong.

At present time, there is no evidence Kasa of Chahadong in Koryosa is exactly same song sung by peoples of Koryo Dynasty. For the case of Hallimpyolkok( 林別曲; another Koryo Sogak) in Koryosa, whose Kasa should be song exactly sung by the peoples of Choson Dynasty, because the Kasa of Hallimpyõlkok in Chosón Dynasty was the same as that of Koryosa. In Hallimpyõlkok described in Akchangkasa (樂章歌詞; music note after Hakul creation), 'Lió(俚語)' was located in the music. Unfortunately, however, we cannot find more comprehensive Kasa of Chahadong in any other papers and books.

Chahadong and Yasimsa(夜深詞; one of Koryo Sogak) in Siyonghyang-akpo (時用鄉樂報; another music note of Choson Dynasty) were composed of Chineese character and Hankul although this characters are limited to Hankul-to(한글토: auxill-iary word), whereas Chahadong and Yasimsa in Koryosa were written by Chineese characters. From these facts, two possibilities are suggested of using of Chahadong Kasa. One of most probable possibility is only Chineese characters composing Chahadong Kasa must be used to sing, and second possibility is Chineese characters and Hankul-to composing Chahadong to be sung as in the case of Hoingsalmun, Pungipsong(風入松; another Korean folk song) and Yasinsa.
In this thesis, we excluded Hankul-to from considering Chahadong Kasa during the work of attaching the Kasa to music due to its lower possibility. The Kasa of Chahadong was composed of four Tans(段; parts or columns), each Tan is lined up 6 Ku(句: phrase) of 42 Cha (字: one syllable of word) for first Tan, 7 Ku of 61 Cha for second Tan, 7 Ku of 49 Cha for third Tan, and 4 Ku of 47 Cha for last Tan, respectively. As a matter of fact, second Tan is greater than first Tan. The music of Chahadong in Taeak-hupo was classified mainly into two Kok (曲; part), Chahadong I and Chahadong II, similiar to the music of Chinjak and Ponghwangúm. Each Kok of Chahadong is comprised 68 Haeng. For the case of Chinjak and Ponghwangům, the Kasas of Ponghwangún II and Chinjak II have almost repeated the same Kasa of Ponghwangum I and Chinjak I. Therefore, we can concluded that Chahadong II must repeat the same Kasa of Chahadong I absolutely. For this reason, we excluded Chahadong II in this study.

The music of Chahadong I can be divided by two: Chontan (first part) and Hutan (second part) by the criteria of cadence and Tae-yoŭm (4 Haeng unit), Chontan and Hutan were of 36 Haeng (1-36 Haeng) and 31 Haeng (37-68 Haeng), respectively. Hutan is longer than Chontan, and 37-56 Haeng of Hutan is exactly same of 13-32 haeng of Chontan. Chahadong contains Changko-hyong (rhythm of Changko(杖鼓)) which has 4 Haeng unit of Ko (鼓), Pyon(鞭), and Ssang(雙)rhythm.

From the data of Ponghwangúm and Chinjak which have also Changko-hyong, we can recognize Kasa-ku(歌詞句; phrases) were terminated when one or two unit of 4 Haeng Changko-hyongs appeared. Based on these facts we can apply the Kasa of Chahadong in Koryósa to the music of Chahadong in Taeak-hupo, focusing on the unit of 4 Haeng Changko-hyong.

First Tan of Chahadong Kasa, from "KaZeSongSanChaHaDong(家在松山紫霞洞)”to "Wonkun Il PaePuIlPae (願君一杯復一杯)"(6Ku of 42 Cha) can be located correctly into the Chontan of Chahadong music. However, second Tan of Chahadong Kasa, from "PaekPalTaeHwaSuPaKu SangKwonJu(白髮戴化手把金相勸酒)” to "WonSongMyong ChóngMakSaCh 'wi(願松酩酊英辭醉)" (7 Ku of 61 Cha) was too large to position on Hutan of Chahadong music. Thus among 7 Ku of Hutan Kasa, first 3 Ku were excluded and only last 4 Ku can be located. As a result 4 Tan of Chahadong Kasa in Koryosa vere so large that only first two Tan (1, 2 Tan) should be used to sing, furthermore first 3 Ku among 7 Ku of 2 Tan was excluded. In addition, in Choson Dynasty, among Chontan and Hutan of Chahadong were more curtailed so that only Chontan was song. Hoingsalmun must be music which was originated from Chontan as a reduced form.