고등학생의 진로결정 수준에 영향을 미치는 개인변인과 심리적 변인간의 인과관계

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study was to predict a path model by multilateral analyses of the causal relationships among personal and psychological variables which affect student career decisions both directly and indirectly.
The participants of this study were Chung cheong nam-do high school students. 40 classes from 20 high schools located in Chung cheong nam-do were randomly sampled. Results answers were collected from 1,600 students of this sample and data from 1,352 students were analysed.
The measuring methods used in this study were the SES(Social-Economic Scale), parental and peer attachment, ego-identity, self-efficacy and career decision level questionnaires.
The following conclusions are based on results derived from this study:
First, there were some differences in psychological variables such as paternal attachment, maternal attachment, peer attachment, ego-identity, self-efficacy and career decision levels according to personal variables of gender, school type, parents' academic background, parents' occupational dignity and family's monthly income. It was shown that female students had higher career decision levels than male students and academic high school students had higher career decision levels than vocational students. The students who have better social and economic environments had higher career decision levels than those who have lower social and economic environments. Therefore in student career counselling, counsellors should guide students with consideration of the many personal and psychological variables. Particularly they should pay more attention to students who have relatively worse social and economic environments and help them with their career decisions with well-organized and various methods.
Second, it was shown that parents' social and economic environments, paternal attachment, maternal attachment and peer attachment worked as important variables to elevate ego-identity and self-efficacy. So, it is essential for students to communicate with their parents and peers in their youth within the premise of forming mutual reliance. Career guidance should be done with more affection towards students who are on a lower social-economic scale.
It was proved that parents' social and economic environments, paternal attachment, maternal attachment and peer attachment were variables affecting self-efficacy, but its predictability was low. Considering this fact, the observation on the other variables, except for these four, should be taken into account.
Third, ego-identity, parents' social and economic environments and paternal attachment had a strong effect on career decision levels. However maternal attachment and peer attachment turned out to be variables which could not affect career decision levels directly.
Self-efficacy, parents' social and economic environments and maternal attachment had a strong effect on career decision levels. Therefore, diverse educational programs to enhance students' ego-identity and self-efficacy should be preceded in order to improve high school students' career decision levels and these variables ought to be considered when counsellors guide students in making career decisions.
Forth, variables such as parents' social and economic environments, paternal attachment, maternal attachment, peer attachment, ego-identity and self-efficacy structured the path model affecting career decision levels. Personal (parents' social and economic environments) and psychological variables (maternal attachment, paternal attachment, peer attachment, ego-identity, and self-efficacy) had more influence on career decision level directly and indirectly. While parents' social and economic environments, maternal attachment, peer attachment and paternal attachment could have stronger effects on career decision levels with parameters of ego-identity and self-efficacy rather than directly without any parameters. Ego-identity and self-efficacy worked as equal parameters.
Fifth, as we learned from the results stated above, an individual's personal and psychological variables have complex influence on his/her career decision. For that reason, educational environments ought prepare children from infancy. Children should learn how to effectively communicate with their parents and trust each other. By guiding children to understand and develop their aptitudes and interests they can also develop ego-identity and self-efficacy. Moreover high school students should fully understand the importance of career by defining their self-realization, career type, characteristics and outcomes through career counselling. Furthermore, they need to know the importance of their potential social contribution according to their career. They can cultivate a good eye for evaluating their values.
In order to counsel effectively and successfully, counsellors should make a precise diagnosis of the students' condition and take appropriate helpful actions. In order to accomplish this, effective diagnostic programs, self-development programs, mentality programs and group counselling programs should be developed and activated in the field of counselling.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 목차
• I. 서론 = 1
• A. 연구의 필요성 = 1
• B. 연구의 목적과 문제 = 4
• C. 용어의 정의 = 6
• D. 연구의 제한점 = 7
• II. 이론적 배경 = 8
• A. 진로결정 수준 = 8
• B. 진로결정 수준 관련 변인 = 17
• C. 진로결정 수준과 관련 변인간의 관계 = 37
• III. 연구의 방법 = 66
• A. 연구의 대상 = 66
• B. 연구의 도구 = 71
• C. 연구의 절차 = 79
• D. 자료의 처리 = 81
• IV. 결과의 해석 및 논의 = 82
• A. 결과의 해석 = 82
• B. 논의 = 112
• V. 요약 및 결론 = 124
• A. 요약 = 124
• B. 결론 = 133
• C. 제언 = 135
• 참고문헌 = 137
• 영문초록 = 159
• 부록 1. 검사 도구의 요인분석 = 163
• 부록 2. 설문지 = 168