전라 좌수영의 배치특성에 관한 연구 = A Study on The Properties of Plan which was plotted in CHOLLAJWASUYOUNG

국문 초록 (Abstract)

Abstract
A S셔요 on The Properties of the Plan which was plotted
in CHOLLAJWASUYOUNG
Oh, Jung-Hun
Department of Architecture Engineering
The Graduate School
Sunchon National University
Advisor : Prof. Nam, Ho Hyeon
The beginning of Chosun dynasty featured a period to rearrange the regime of new dynasty alon with enhancing its systems.
Those days, major enemies against our national defense were northern Manchurian and southern japanese pirates. In particular, Japanese pirates appeared frequently across the southern boundary under a somewhat unstable national circumstances just after the foundation of Chosun dynasty. Fundamentally, their existence led to the organization of Chosun nabal army and its development.
Chosun naval army which was installed for national guard and defense against those Japanese pirates went through an inital evolution and gained a series of great successful results in the level of organization and formation during the period of King Sejong. It may be attributed to the results from a chain of efforts made by Chosun's court that aimed at building up a formulated foreign defense system.
During Chosun dynasty, the lefthand defense camp in Jeolla province(hereinafter called 'Jeolla lefthand defense camp') was the headquarter of Jeolla lefthand naval army. In particular, it was a great strategic point led by our great admiral Yi, Sun-shin, which was critical enough to change a national fate in the front line against Japanese pirates during the Japanese invasion of chosun dynasty in the end of 16th century. Afterwards, Jeolla lefthand defense camp played its full roles as a strategic base crucial to the national defense against Japanese invasions over about 500 years till the 32nd year of King Kojong(1895), in which Chosun army was rdformed and reorganized on a full scale.
As described above, Jeolla lefthand defense camp implies many essential clues for studying on naval camps in Chosun dynasty. Nevertheless, buildings in those days and related historical materials have been actually insufficient so far.
Moreover, there has been no study on architectural level of local naval camp and fortress in Chosun dynasty. Instead, there have been excavation and survey of relics around fortress in the field of humanity and archaeology along with humanistic surveys based on literatures around local towns.
First of all, this study aimed at indentifying general arrangement features of Chosun naval army camp and fortress by determining any correlations around some old towns or fortresses and naval army camp/fortress in Jeolla province addording to the name and location of each building. Then, the study considered respective building arrangement features within Jeolla naval army camp and fortress to identify its relationship with the arrangement of buildings as remained in the former Jeolla lefthand defense camp.
In terms of arrangement of each building within Jeolla lefthand defense camp, the study focused on identifying functional features as shown in the location and arrangement of each building to clarify any characteristics in the arrangement of Jeolla lefthand defense camp in Chosun dynasty.
In view of the absence of architectural studies which addressed our old military camp and fortress as a coastal defense base, this study on the arrangement features of Jeolla lefthand defense camp as one of naval army installations in Chosun dynasty may be significant, because of its availability as a basic material for follow-up studies which will also address the installations of old local naval army in the level of revival.
Related lierature surve was based on the following sources: Descriptions related to our old naval army around Sejong Silok Jiriji(the Geography in Annals of King Sejong), Gyeongguk Daejeon(National Code for Dynastic Administration), JeungvoMungeonBigo (Supplementary Literatures and References); Suncheon Eupji and HoJoasuyeongji(a sort of local military map); Bibyeonsa Jido(a military map as made for the national defense of Chosun dynasty in the 18th century); Close examination and arrangement of building within camps and fortresses as shown in HoJoasijuyeongdo; and descriptions related to installations as shown in literatures which reveal the records about Jeolla naval army camps in Chosun dynasty.
Based on archive and visual materials, this study analyzed how much differently central regions and their hierarchical characteristics appeared in terms of the arrangement of naval army camps around town fortress.
To recognize the historical position and importance of our old naval army camp and fortress and identify their changes, Chapter 2 addressed the evolution and organizational trends of our old naval army camp or fortress and Jeolla lefthand defense camp according to the military system and administrative districts in Chosun dynasty.
Chapter 3 compared old town or fortress and naval camp/fortress on the basis of the arrangement features of town or fortress along with the evolution of fortresses and other defense installations in the begining of Chosun dynasty according to the point of arrangement, and then considered the arrangement features of each building as shown around old nava camp and fortress.
Chapter 4 intended to describe the arrangement features of Jeolla lefthand defense camp, and identified any correlation in building arrangement between Jeolla lefthand defense camp and other naval camps or fortresses, on the ground of arrangement features as deduced from analysis on the latter. Ultimately, this chapter made efforts to identify any ingerent characteristics of building arrangement in Jeolla lefthand defense camp.
Accordingly, the results of comparative analysis on the features of installation arrangement between Jeonnam naval camps/fortresses and Jeolla lefthand defense camp can be summarized as follows:
1. Every fortress around naval camps was characterized by irregular forms along mountains and adjacent topography or coastline, which may imply an effective way to arrange defense camps and related installations around limited locations so that every camp could be located in some military strategic positions along coastline in terms of locational characteristics of our old naval camp.
2. Intramural gates within a naval camp and fortress were composed with regard to inherent arrangement norms of each town and its locational features.
3. It can be assumed that our medieval direction concepts for designing building arrangement might accept geomantical arrangement concepts and defensive direction toward coastal boundary zone in the military level.
4. Every accessory installation within naval camp and fortress had its core one located on its central upper position for the sake of hierarchical center. On its central lower position, administrative and military installations were located in their own special spaces respectively, other than those around inland towns.
5. It can be assumed that HoJoasuyeongdo was one of our medieval military maps, which was almost realistically drawn by the most advanced mapping technique in those days, so called 'multi-center 3-dimension conductive mapping,' which illustrated a ground plan of building within Jeolla lefthand defense camp.
6. After a series of military installations were built up around Jeolla lefthand defense camp, some critical installations moved into the center of camp, which evolved into a core axis of local administrative regions. Afterwards, it is estimated that Jeolla lefthand defense camp was finally finished with additional installations for low-class personnel by organizational system in the mid of 18th century.
7. During Japanese invasions of Chosun in the end of 16th century, Jinhaeru(a sort of fortress tower) was an installation for coordinating militarycommands and other businesses on the whole. Jinnam-gwan was locted in jinhaeru, because the location of Jingaeru provided a good military outlook and met basic requirements for a series of hierarchical formations around military core axis.
8. The arrangement of building within Jeolla lefthand defense camp seems to have an organic combination of its accessory installations. In particular, its supply installations were located in the center of camp to facilitate the supply of military munitions, which is considered a particular and unique arrangement as shown in the lefthand defense camp of naval.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 목차
• ABSTRACT = iv
• I. 緖論 = 1
• 1. 연구의 배경 및 목적 = 1
• 2. 연구의 범위 및 방법 = 2
• II. 조선시대 군제 및 행정구역의 변화 = 4
• 1. 지방군제에 따른 全羅左水營의 전개과정 = 4
• 1) 營鎭體制 = 4
• 2) 軍需道體制 = 7
• 3) 鎭管體制 = 7
• 4) 制○方略 (分軍法) =10
• 3) 束伍軍制 = 11
• 2. 전라도 행정구역의 변화 = 14
• 1) 조선후기 전라도 행정구역의 변화 = 14
• 2) 고지도의 제작과 행정구역의 표기 = 15
• (1) 海東地圖 = 15
• (2) 與地圖 = 16
• (3) 東國地圖 = 17
• III. 邑城 및 水軍鎭城의 배치특성 고찰 = 19
• 1. 전라도 城郭시설의 정비 = 19
• 1) 太祖∼太宗代 (1392∼1418) = 19
• 2) 世宗∼世祖代 (1418∼1468) = 19
• 3) 成宗이후 (1469∼ ) = 21
• 2. 邑城과 水軍鎭城의 시설배치 형태 = 24
• 1) 邑城의 건축적 배경과 구성 = 24
• 2) 邑城과 水軍鎭城의 배치형태 =27
• 3. 邑과 水軍鎭城의 배치특성 비교 = 39
• 1) 城郭의 형태 = 39
• 2) 城郭의 입지와 성문의 관계 = 40
• 3) 城郭내 건축물의 배치형태 = 41
• 4. 水軍鎭城의 건축물 배치특성 = 43
• IV. 全羅左水營의 배치특성 = 46
• 1. 배치분석의 배경 = 46
• 1) 全羅左水營의 성립과 공간변화 = 46
• 2) 湖左水營圖에서 표현된 도법의 형식 = 48
• 2. 全羅左水營의 구성과 건물배치의 변화 = 49
• 1) 건축물의 沿革 = 49
• 2) 건물의 규모와 종류 = 50
• 3. 水軍鎭城과 全羅左水營의 배치형태 비교 = 53
• 1) 城郭의 형태 = 53
• 2) 성문과 도로망 = 53
• 3) 주요시설물의 위치 = 54
• 4) 부속시설의 위치 = 55
• 4. 全羅左水營 건축배치의 특성 분석 = 55
• 1) 영역에 따른 구분 = 55
• (1) 客舍·東軒 영역 = 55
• (2) 鄕廳·內衙 영역 = 55
• (3) 中營·軍廳 영역 = 57
• (4) 倉庫 영역 = 57
• 2) 건축배치의 특성 분석 = 58
• (1) 도법의 전개에 따른 배치형태 = 58
• (2) 배치축의 따른 구성 = 69
• (3) 向에 따른 입지선정의 개념 = 60
• (4) 건물의 기능과 배치 = 61
• V. 結論 = 63
• 參考文獻 = 66
• 영문초록 = 68
• 표목차
• <표 1> 「世宗實錄地理志」 전라도 ?般軍 배치현황 = 6
• <표 2> 「經國大典」 전라도 수군의 鎭管 편제 = 8
• <표 3> 전라도 水軍鎭營의 편제의 변화 = 9
• <표 4> 全羅左水營 관할구역의 변천 = 13
• <표 5> 조선시대 成宗代까지 ?城된 邑城 =22
• <표 6> 「文獻備考」에 나타나는 각 群賢의 邑城규모 = 23
• <표 7> 기록 중 전라도에 城郭이 설치된 郡? = 29
• <표 8> 邑城내 시설물의 배치형태 = 33
• <표 9> 鎭城내 시설물의 배치형태 = 38
• <표 10> 「文獻備考」에 기록된 각 鎭城의 규모 = 39
• <표 11> 입지에 따른 邑城과 鎭城의 분류 = 41
• <표 12> 주요건축물의 위치에 따른 분류 = 42
• <표 13> 邑城과 鎭城간의 배치특성 분석 = 43
• <표 14> 全羅左水營내 건축물의 위치 = 52
• 그림목차
• <그림 1> 여수공립보통학교 당시 鎭南館 = 13
• <그림 2> 海東地圖 (18世紀 中期) = 16
• <그림 3> 與地圖 (18世紀 末期) = 17
• <그림 4> 東國地圖 (19世紀 前期) = 18
• <그림 5> 한양도, 1750년대 목판본, 지본채색 = 24
• <그림 6> 首善全圖 = 25
• <그림 7> 「與地圖」중 순천부 지도 = 26
• <그림 8> 「與地圖」에 표기된 全羅左水營 = 47
• <그림 9> 1914년 당시 鎭南館 모습 = 56
• <그림 10> 현재 鎭南館 전경 = 56
• <그림 11> 全羅左水營의 姑蘇臺가 있던 곳 = 57
• <그림 12> 湖左水營圖에 나타난 도법의 전개 = 58
• <그림 13> 湖左水營圖의 건물배치 도식화 = 59
• <그림 14> 배치축에 따른 구성 = 59
• <그림 15> 姑蘇臺에서 본 여수앞바다 전경 = 60
• <그림 16> 주요시설물의 배치관계 = 61
• <그림 17> 군사·보급시설간의 관계 = 61
• <그림 18> 庫·房의 위치와 각 영역과의 관계 = 62