朝鮮時代 倭館變遷史 硏究 = On the trasition of Waegwan in Chosun Dynasty

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The research objective of the study is to investigate the transition of Waegwan(倭館) transition in Chosun Dynasty. The process of the research makes me find out this :
Early in the Chosun era, Waegwan consisted of three types : Dongpyeonggwan(東平館), Waemulgo(倭物庫) in Hwawonhyun(花園縣), Posowaegwan(浦所倭館). Dongpyeonggwan established in Hanyang(漢陽) in 1409 was the first Waegwan in the Chosun era. Dongpyeonggwan was used the quaters where the Japanese officials stayed. And then it was shut down after The Japanese Invasion of 1592. Meanwhile Posowaegwan was established in 1418 and Waemulgo existed for about 15 years was established in 1486. That there existed various types of Waegwan resulted from the purpose that Chosun Dynasts inspired the superiority of Chosun Dynasty into the hearts of the Japanese through the Gookwangsukbae Rite(國王肅拜式). The other reason was the increase of trade with Japan.
Posowaegwan was established in Yumpo(鹽浦) and Busanpo(富山浦) in 1418. Since then Posowaegwan had ups and downs again and again with the occurrences between Chosun and Japan such as Tsushima Subjugation(對馬島征伐), Three Ports War(三浦倭亂), Saryang Incident(蛇梁倭變), etc. Chosun Government had accepted Waegwan only in Pusanpo since 1544. We must remember that the transition of Posowaegwan was the result of Chosun Government's active diplomatic policy toward Japan. In short, the primary problem early in the Chosun era was that they entered into friendly relations with Japanese pirate raiders and strengthened the control over Japan. In process of this, the transition of Posowaegwan was made.
Waegwan was shut down since The Japanese Invasion of 1592. Just after that, Peace Negotiations resumed between the two countries, when a temporary Waegwan was established in Julyeongdo(絶影島). After that, Waegwan was established in Dumopo in 1607. From then on Japan demanded the move of Waegwan for about 30 years since 1630 with reasons that it was too narrow to reside in and they had difficulties in defending against the external raid. Chosun Government accepted their demand in 1673, and established Choryang Waegwan(草梁倭館) in 1678. The period of Choryang Waegwan had begun from then on.
The purpose that Chosun Government accepted the Japanese' demand at this time is this. In 1609 Chosun Government concluded the Giyu Treaty(己酉約條) with Japan. After that, however, in process of negotiation between the two countries the treaty rules and regulations by mutual consent were broken repeatedly. As a result of this a lot of accumulative problems in Chosun's diplomatic policy toward Japan were revealed. Therefore Chosun Government tried to improve the relationship of the two countries totally with Waegwan's move opportunity.
Waegwan mending had become fixed in the period of Choryang Waegwan. It was classified into two types. They were Daegamdong(大監董) and Sogamdong(小監董). The former was regular mending and the latter was unexpected mending. Waegwan mending expense raising imposed a heavy burden on Chosun Government. Chosun Government supplied Waegwan mending goods and expenses to Japanese. It seemed that in spite of enormous expense Chosun Government built and supported Waegwan because they regarded Waegwan not only as Japanese residential quarter but also as the public place which had an effect on diplomatic problems with Japan. Also, Chosun Government recognized Waegwan as the place which was given free of charge to Japan for the diplomacy and trade with Japan.
The Chief of Gamdong(監董譯官) executed Waegwan mending and was in charge of all things related to Waegwan. He grasped what must be repaired on mending demand of Japan and rebuked them when needed. Also, he took charge of the matters like wages and goods used under repair. On the contrary he occasionally conspired with Japanese and made a higher appropriation for mending expense than it was actually needed. This made him rich, but he had the probability to pay dear in case that his impropriety was revealed.
In May, 1870 Meiji Government in Japan withdrew Governor of Tsushima's official title, who was the deputy of all negotiation between Chosun and Japan. And in September, 1872 they sent two warships and two platoons of infantry without any notice. They plundered Waegwan and appointed Hukamimasakake(深見正景)to Japanese residential quarter's general. But Chosun Government didn't admit Hukamimasakake and his subordinates, stopped food supply for Waegwan and trade with Japan, and put up the declaration prohibiting black marketeers strictly on the guarding gate. As a result of this all the diplomatic relations between the two countries were broken off. Meanwhile in May, 1873 Meiji government renamed Waegwan as "The official residence of great Japan" under direct control of the Mistry of Foreign Affairs(大日本國公館).
The next year after Unyo Incident(雲揚號事件) in September, 1875 Japan forced Chosun Government to make The Treaty of Kanghwa(朝日修好條規) and to open the Chosun. And Meiji government affixed a seal to the Appendix of Kanghwa Treaty(朝日修好條規附錄) and a Commercial Treaty(通商章程) in August, 1876 to complement The Treaty of Kanghwa. The next year they made [the oysters and clams treaty of Busanl(釜山口租條約). In process of making treaties between the two countries Meiji government made Waegwan the official residence of Japan and extraterritorial residential quarter adroitly on purpose. So Japanese assumed that Waegwan was the place having the extraterritorial rights of Waegwan from the beginning.
As is generally known Choryang Waegwan was established and maintained by Chosun Government. Chosun Government only entrusted Governor of Tsushima to Waegwan. Chosun Government never admitted the residential right of Japanese. Accordingly Japan had no vested rights of Waegwan. Notwithstanding Japan assumed that they had the extraterritorial rights of Waegwan from the beginning and made Waegwan extraterritorial residential quarter. This is the violation of the history of Waegwan.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 목차
• Abstract = V
• 序論
• 1. 硏究의 目的 및 硏究史 정리 = 1
• 2. 硏究의 方法 = 9
• 제1장 朝鮮前期 倭館의 證置와 浦所儒館의 單一化
• I. 머리말 = 13
• II. 倭館의 起源과 成立 = 15
• 1. 왜관의 기원 = 15
• 2. 왜관의 성립 = 19
• III. 倭館의 종류와 기능 = 21
• 1. 東平館 = 21
• 2. 倭物庫 = 28
• 3. 浦所 倭館 = 34
• IV. 浦所 倭館의 단일화와 朝日外交의 특질 = 37
• V. 맺음말 = 49
• 제2장 朝鮮後期 倭館의 設置와 移館交涉
• I. 머리말 = 54
• II. 國交再開와 倭館의 設置 = 56
• 1. 絶影島 倭館 = 58
• 2. 頭毛浦 倭館 = 60
• III. 왜관의 이전을 둘러싼 논의 과정 = 63
• 1. 제1시기-倭館의 확장과 수축 = 63
• 2. 제2시기-倭館의 移轉 = 70
• IV. 왜관의 이전 논의와 朝鮮의 對應 = 78
• V. 맺음말 = 88
• 제3장 倭館의 機能과 修理實態
• I. 머리말 = 92
• II. 草梁倭館의 구조와 경관 = 92
• III. 왜관의 職官 구성과 交易 = 100
• 1. 왜관의 職官 구성 = 100
• 2. 倭館貿易 = 104
• IV. 왜관의 修理實態 = 107
• 1. 수리 절차와 현황 = 107
• 2. 수리비용의 調達과 支給 = 115
• 3. 수리 담당자의 蓄財 = 120
• V. 맺음말 = 125
• 제4장 日本 明治政府의 倭館侵奪과 왜관의 租界化
• I. 머리말 = 129
• II. 明治政府의 왜관침탈과 조선의 撤供撤市 = 131
• III. 왜관의 日本租界化 과정 = 141
• 1. 朝日修好條規 = 144
• 2. 朝日修好條規附錄 = 148
• 3. 釜山口租界條約 = 151
• V. 맺음말 = 157
• 結論 = 159
• 參考文獻 = 174