시설아동의 삶의 체험에 관한 문화기술지 = (An) Ethnographic Study on Lived Experience of Children under the Orphanage Institution

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

When there broke out the welfare needs in Korean traditional society, affectionate culture made it relived residually by home, neighbor, and relatives. By the way, since the Korean War there have been institutional cares for orphan by newly established orphanage. The institutional care for orphan was unfamiliar to traditional culture and some people have criticized the institutional subculture of orphanage. In fact, as the children who are under the institutional care of orphanage live in the relatively restricted area and acquire the subcultural socialization, they are exposed to the possibility to fall into the devious ideas and behaviors. And then they are medically fragile and have a complex dependency on various nursing interventions.
The purpose of this study was to discover knowledge about the meanings of the children's life who are living in the orphanage institution by ethnographic method. The data sources were taken by two ways. The first was taken by interviews with informants and the second was acquired by documents such as diaries, scribblings, autographies, paintings, miscellanies, novels.
Informants were high school girls and boys in Kwangju who offered unstructured-description of their experience through interviews. The research was performed from Jan. 2001 to Feb. 2002. The results, analyzed and interpreted according to Spradley's method of ethnography, describe the structure of the meaning of "lived experience of the children under the orphanage care" with a relational cultural perspective.
The analysis revealed five core cultural themes consistent across all 7 children:
1) There are resentments against their miserable situations. And this theme comprises three categories: resistance against their livelihood, suffering of unfairness against biased prejudice, great pain for orphanage custom.
2) There are desires to escape from hard reality. And this theme comprises two categories: renunciation of desire, wish to run away.
3) There are feelings of self-pity. And this theme comprises two categories: feeling of sorry about reality, not-forgetfulness of family.
4) There are pure hearts. And this theme comprises two categories: unity with love, satisfaction with trivial matters.
5) There are self-acceptances. This theme comprises two categories: coping with the unreliable future, challenge for future.
By these themes, it could be possible to propose the theoretical model as this : The resentments against their miserable situations and the desires to escape from hard reality could be identified to the theme of 'the period of entrance' to the orphanage institution. The feelings of self-pity and the pure hearts could be identified to the theme of 'the period of adaptation'. And the self-acceptances could be identified to the theme of 'the period of maturity'. And as though these themes could be identified through periods, each theme appeared to be over-lapped each other or to be piled each above another.
The findings from this study provide information about the knowledge of nursing intervention. They give the nursing need for warm-hearted care to support the orphanage children to deal successfully with the resentments against their miserable situations. They also give prospective nurses a framework to consider the comprehensive intervention when educating, counselling, reforming of situation and family relationship, and developing of self-support program.
And finally, this ethnographic thesis with above results would be a meaningful theoretical guidance for the understanding of the real life of the children who is under the orphanage institution and could be a little contribution for the better nursing intervention and practice in Korea.