국어 문장의 상적 의미 연구

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study is to clarify how aspectual meaning is constructed and represented, focusing on investigating four aspectual constituents which contribute to aspectual meaning and their co-relation. This study aims at proposing a compositional explanation of the syntactic and semantic properties associated with aspectual meaning.
This study begins on the basis of following: firstly, to solve the problem of lexical ambiguity, and to clarify the complexity of aspectual meaning, we have to make Verb phrase(VP hereafter) an object in the study of aspectual meaning; secondly, to explain the syntactic and semantic properties associated with aspectual meaning, we need to consider two aspectual meaning, because the explicit aspectual meaning which is marked by a grammatical element in a sentence is different from the basic aspectual meanings which are implicitly involved in a VP.
Though a sentence has only one aspectual meaning, a VP has various aspectual meanings originally involved in a VP. Due to this, two different aspectual meanings have an asymmetrical relationship. Because the former depends on grammatical forms, we have to find grammatical elements which have an aspectual function and then examine them closely. The latter is associated with semantic category or semantic properties. To clarify the latter, we need to establish the specific semantic category corresponding to the VP.
In this study, we refer to the semantic category as 'aspectual type', and semantic property as 'aspectual property'. Although it is used syntactically, various sentences correspond with one common 'aspectual type'. For this reason, before anything else, we have to look into the 'aspectual type' and the 'aspectual properties'. Also, the explicit aspectual meaning in a sentence is referred to as a 'viewpoint aspect'. It depends on grammatical forms, and because of this it is important to find what grammatical forms have such a function.
The study of aspectual meaning also takes syntactic argument into consideration. As it is associated with aspectual meaning, argument also plays some special role, for it is not explained entirely by thematic roles. We used 'aspectual roles' to explain the corresponding relationship between aspectual roles and syntactic arguments.
Chapter 2 defines four aspectual constituents. We draw on abstract situation schema, and come up with the necessary criteria in order to be able to discriminate individual situations, such as: 'the existence of endpoint, the necessity of endpoint, the existence of successive stage of internal level, the existence of homogeneity of internal level, and the existence of resultant level'. This five criteria play main roles in the establishment of semantic properties: [homogeneity], [process], [boundedness], [resultative]. The 'Viewpoint situation' has a particular function of representing a certain aspectual meaning. 'Viewpoint aspect' is represented by aspectual auxiliary verbs and past tense form '-?ss'. The 'Measuring-out argument' which have functions to delimit situation, measure out the event. This corresponds to 'aspectual roles': [MEASURE], [PATH], [TERMINUS].
Chapter 3 discusses functions and grammatical characters of four aspectual constituents. Each constituent has an individual function in relation to aspectual meaning: 'situation type' and 'aspectual properties' have a constructing function, 'viewpoint aspect' has a representing function, and 'aspectual role' has a relating function.
In section 3.1, we discuss the following issues: the relationship between situation type and VP; change of, or focalizaton of situation type; and syntactic and semantic properties of individual situation types.
Individual situation types have a special relationship with aspectual properties. State situation type has [＋homogeneity]; activity situation type has [＋homogeneity](＞[＋Stage]), [＋process]; accomplishment situation type has [－homogeneity], [＋process], [＋boundedness], ([＋resultative]); achievement situation type has [－process], [＋boundedness], ([＋resultative]); and semelfactive situation type has [－process], [＋boundedness].
To study the syntactic and semantic properties of individual situation type, it is proposed that abstract situation schema and aspectual properties be examined by their co-occurrence with aspectual auxiliary verbs and with time adverbs, and the possibility of a conjunctive sentence. In addition to this, we also look into some debatable problems concerning the aspectual types.
In section 3.2, we discuss the viewpoint aspect function of aspectual auxiliary verbs, and classify them into four types, depending on their function.
In section 3.3, we discuss the aspectual roles, linking constraints, and the relationship between aspectual and thematic roles. [MEASURE], [PATH], [TERMINUS] are aspectual roles, and they are linked to syntactic argument according to the linking principle. [MEASURE] is linked to direct internal argument. [TERMINUS] is linked to direct internal argument, or to the adjunct which is added for bounded reading. In some cases [PATH] is explicitly represented, however, it is not if/when one argument is linked to [TERMINUS].
There are differences in thematic roles and aspectual roles, especially in the aspectual information. For instance, the linking of 'Theme' and [MEASURE] are different according to certain circumstances. As we establish the aspectual roles, we can explain the aspectual function of argument, and we can relate the argument to semantic realities (aspectual roles). Aspectual roles make up two aspectual role grids: one being [[MEASURE]], the other being [[PATH], [TERMINUS]].
Chapter 4, we analyze two kinds of sentences: the locomotive verb construction, and the location alternation construction.
In section 4.1, we define a locomotion verb. "Some verbs with various meanings, in which one argument reaches its goal through moving over time and undergoes a change of location", is referred to as a locomotion verb. On the basis of this definition, we examine the function of subject in intransitive locomotion verb construction and that of object in transitive locomotion verbs construction. As result of this, a moving thing (regardless of subject, object) play no specific role in respect to aspectual function. However, the goal at which a moving thing reaches provides boundedness to the situation, and merely connects the goal with the path, and hence, has a boundedness function.
We also examine the argument regarding the marker '-lul'. In respect of aspectual properties, the marker '-lul' provides boundedness of situation to locomotion verb construction. The marker '-lul' is similar to the marker '-lul' in other constructions which have situations of boundedness.
In section 4.2, we look into the semantic properties of location alternation construction and difference of partial/entire reading. We especially deal with the issue of "why should we differentiate between partial and entire reading in location alternation construction?" Firstly, in the transitive construction, the ability of a verb to undergo a location alternation depends on certain very particular semantic properties of both internal arguments. One argument must have material-like properties and the other must be a container or flat surface that can be filled up over time with that material. These properties are to be the same in the intransitive construction. Otherwise, some intransitive constructions depend on individual verb's semantic properties: each verbs have special meanings such as sound emission, light emission, or full occupancy.
Some studies have argued that partial/entire reading is caused by a difference of situation type, but in this study we assert that the difference of situation is not concerned with partial/entire reading. The transitive location alternation construction and corresponding intransitive location construction belong to the accomplishment situation type. The intransitive location alternation construction that has no corresponding transitive location alternation construction belong to the semelfactive situation type. The intransitive location alternation construction has entire reading and belongs to the achievement situation type.
The difference of partial/entire reading depends on the aspectual roles that each argument take. In the '-e, -lul', marker '-lul' (to indicate argument has that marker) can not be linked to aspectual roles, it is merely the function of a moving thing. But the marker '-e' can be linked to [TERMINUS], and then terminus to implicit path, and as a result they provide boundedness to situation, and measure out a situation. While on the other hand, in the '-lul, -lo', marker '-lul' can be linked to [MEASURE], make a situation bounded, and measure out a situation. The difference of partial/entire reading is originated from the difference of aspectual roles.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 1. 서론 = 1
• 1.1 연구 목적 = 1
• 1.2 연구 대상 = 3
• 1.3 선행 연구 정보 = 5
• 1.4 연구 방법 = 10
• 2. 국어의 상적 요소 = 13
• 2.1 상황 유형 = 14
• 2.1.1 상황 유형의 개념 = 15
• 2.1.2 상황 유형 설정의 기준 : 상황의 추상적 도식 = 19
• 2.2 상적 특성 = 34
• 2.2.1 상적 특성의 도입과 전개 양상 = 34
• 2.2.2 상적 특성 설정이 기준 = 44
• 2.3 간점상 = 51
• 2.3.1 관점상의 개념 = 52
• 2.3.2 관점상의 통사적 실현 : 상 보조용언 ‘-었-’ = 59
• 2.4 상 역할 = 72
• 2.4.1 상 역할의 개념과 종류 = 73
• 2.4.2 상 역할 설정의 기초 : [한계성]과 [과점성], 재어나누기 = 76
• 3. 상적 요소의 기능과 특성 = 101
• 3.1 상황 유형과 상적 특성의 상적 의미 구성 기능 = 101
• 3.1.1 상적 특성을 바탕으로 한 상황 유형의 설정과 유형 = 101
• 3.1.2 상황 유형의 동사적 실현 : 동사구와의 관계 = 108
• 3.1.3 상황 유형의변화와 초점화 = 112
• 3.1.4 개별 상황 유형의 동사ㆍ의미적 특성 = 121
• 3.2 상 보조용언의 상적 의미 표시 기능 : 관점상의 기능 = 171
• 3.2.1 개별 상 보조용언의 상적 기능 분석 = 173
• 3.2.2 상적 기능에 따른 상 보조용언의 유형 분류 = 199
• 3.3 상 역할과 동사적 논항의 연결 기능 = 207
• 3.3.1 상 역할의 연결 계약 = 207
• 3.3.2 상 역할과 의미역 = 221
• 3.3.3 상 역할 들과 연결 이론 = 229
• 4. 통합적인 구문의 상적 의미 분석 = 235
• 4.1 이동동사구분 = 235
• 4.1.1 이동동사의 정의 = 238
• 4.1.2 이동동사구분의 특성 : 상적 요소의 특성을 중심으로 = 242
• 4.1.3 이동동사구분의 ‘-를’ 표지 성분과 상적 기능 = 247
• 4.2 처소교차구분 = 262
• 4.2.1 처소교차구분의 형성과 동사의 의미 특성 = 263
• 4.2.2 처소교차구분의 상황 유형과 부분/전체 해석의 관계 = 271
• 4.2.3 처소교차구분의 ‘-를’ 표지와 상 역할의 관계 = 281
• 5. 결론 = 288
• <참고 문헌> = 293
• = 302