맞벌이 부부의 양육 스트레스에 영향을 미치는 생태학적 관련 변인 탐색 = (An)ecological approach to analyzing variables in the parenting stress of the dual-earner mothers and fathers

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The objective of this research is to investigate the relation between the parenting stress, recognized by the dual-earner mothers and fathers, and associated variables systematically. For the purpose, we analyzed the demographic and psychological characteristics of the dual-earner mothers and fathers and surrounding variables at the levels of microsystem, mesosystem, and macrosystem, to relate with respect to the parenting stress problem. It further affords an ecological model to depict the parenting stress, and the effect of corresponding variables were verifiedby using the statistical analysis.
The results based on the suggested ecological model for the parenting stress are expected to contribute to the systematic understanding of the parenting of the dual-earner mothers and fathers, understanding of their family problems, and supporting fundamental information further to enhance the quality of the family life.
It is still an early stage of the research on the parenting stress problems, and especially, Korean parents did not accept the concept of parenting stress since Korean are accustomed to pleasure and enjoyment while they are raising and caring their children. Subsequently, the parenting stress is not supposed to be an issue of interest.
However, it is very essential to investigate the parenting stress, because the parenting stress is a significant factor effecting on the parental attitude.
The research composes the sample space of dual-earner mothers and fathers having children less than 6 years old, which includes 318 fathers and 405 mothers. Basically, we adopted the statistical analysis tool, the Parenting Stress Scale(Kim & Kang, 1997), the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale(Hewitt & Flett, 1991a), the Parent's Role Value Scale(Yang, 1993), the Parenting Sense of Competence Scale(Gibaud - Wallston, 1977), and so on. The data were analyzed by the statistical method based on frequency, percentile, t-test, F-test, Pearson's correlation, hierarchical regression, and multiple regression.
The main results of the research can be summarized as follows:
1. According to the analysis to find the difference between dual-earner mothers and fathers in the parental stress, it is shown that the mothers recognize the stress more significantly. It could be interpreted that the primary role and responsibility regarding the parenting is assigned to the maternal part in the Korean society.
2. According to the independent effects of diverse ecological systematic variables, there are shown that 6 independent variables can describe about 70% of the parenting stress of the dual-earner fathers. Among these variables, 'satisfaction about the child care' is the most significant factor, which covers about 54.6%. Additionally, the next significances are observed from such variables as 'value of parenting' (5.7%), 'satisfaction of job' (3.6%), 'temperament of children' (2.4%),'level of his income' (1.9%),'support of spouse' (1.6%) and so on.
3. According to the independent effects of diverse ecological systematic variables, there are shown that 7 independent variables can describe about 56% of the parenting stress of the dual-earner mothers. Among these variables, 'satisfaction about the child care' is the most significant factor, which covers about 34%. Additionally, the next significances are observed from such variables as 'temperament of children' (8.2%), 'satisfaction of marriage' (5%), 'support of spouse' (1.4%) 'level of her education' (1.9%), 'parental efficacy' (1.6%), 'perfectionism' (2.9%) and so on.
Also, the significance of the variable 'satisfaction about the child care' is the most effective both dual-earner mothers and fathers in the parental stress, while the other variables have some differences, item by item.
4. According to the ecological approach to analyzing variables in the parenting stress of the dual-earner mothers and fathers, for the case of fathers, significance ecological systems is follows: 'microsystem', 'mesosystem', 'macrosystem'. On the contrary, for mothers, significance ecological systems is follows: 'mother's organic system', 'microsystem', 'mesosystem'. It could be interpreted that the primary role and responsibility regarding the parenting is assigned to the maternal part.
In conclusion, we recapitulate the implications of the results and propose some suggestions to better the society supporting numerous dual-earner mothers and fathers suffering from the parenting stress.
At first, it is strongly recommended to compensate and restructure the child care systems more systematically, to afford more reliable parenting environment to the dual earner mothers and fathers and children simultaneously.
Further, it is very necessary to develop parent-education programs for working parents. Traditionally, in Korea, the importance of the paternal role for child rearing was not emphasized due to the stereotypical concept on the society and cultural values, however, the parent education programs should deliver the clear message of paternal contribution in the matter of child rearing and encourage fathers deeply to engage in the relevant activities.
This work on the ecological approach is also contributive in the sense that informative analysis on the external environments has been investigated and expedient attempts were concretely afforded, to reduce the difficulties of child rearing for the dual-earner mothers and fathers, especially.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• I. 서론 = 1
• 제1절 연구의 필요성 = 1
• 제2절 연구 목적 = 6
• 제3절 연구 문제 = 6
• 1. 연구 문제 = 8
• 2. 연구 모형 = 8
• 3. 용어의 정의 = 11
• 제2장 관련 연구의 고찰 = 12
• 제1절 양육 스트레스 = 12
• 1. 양육 스트레스의 개념 = 12
• 2. 양육 스트레스에 대한 부부간의 성차 = 16
• 제2절 양육 스트레스에 대한 생태학적 변인 = 20
• 1. 생태학 이론 = 20
• 2. 양육 스트레스에 대한 생태학적 변인 = 23
• 제3장 연구방법 = 48
• 제1절 연구대상 = 48
• 제2절 측정도구 = 51
• 제3절 연구절차 = 56
• 제4절 자료분석 = 57
• 제4장 연구 결과 및 해석 = 58
• 제1절 연구 대상자의 각 체계 변인의 일반적 특성 = 58
• 제2절 맞벌이 부부의 양육 스트레스에 있어서의 성차 = 60
• 제3절 맞벌이 부부의 양육 스트레스에 대한 체계 변인의 상대적 영향력 = 70
• 1. 맞벌이 가정 아버지의 생태학적 변인들이 야육 스트레스에 미치는 상대적 영향력 = 71
• 2. 맞벌이 가정 어머니의 생태학적 변인들이 야육 스트레스에 미치는 상대적 영향력 = 76
• 제5장 요약 및 결론 = 82
• 제1절 요약 = 82
• 제2절 결론 = 87
• 참고문헌 = 91
• ABSTRACT = 102
• 부록 = 106