十干十二支의 命理的 이해

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

From the earliest ages of human civilization based on agriculture and hunting, mankind took great interest in pursuing things that would protect themselves from misfortune and secure happiness. This was what eventually led to the emergence of science, religion and various forms of astrologic beliefs. It was initially the role of science to challenge things previously regarded as impossible, providing tangible ways to improve the well being of humankind. Science has since continuously contributed to the development of modern civilization, and is expected to do even more in the future.
Fundamental to Eastern religious beliefs is the notion that an individual's character is influenced by the year, month, day and time of birth. These Four Pillars of Destiny that affect a human being's fate are in general called by the name of 'Myungri'(命理). In its initial phases of formation thousands of years ago, Myungri didn't yet. possess the systematic structure, it holds today. Only through many eras of history did Myungri gradually come to develop a more complete form and structure of theory. It cannot be denied that elements of exaggeration and superstition may have been added to the structure in the course. The fact that Myungri stayed intact nevertheless and developed greater influence upon people is a proof that it indeed benefited the people and satisfied their keenest needs in its own way. The effects may be seen in various eras of Korean history too, as in the Koryo Dynasty's operation of SuhWoonGwan, a government office that looked over astronomical astrology, calendar reading, meteorology and rainfall measures. This office was renamed into KwanSangGam. in the Chosun Dynasty, where officials who had passed state examinations in the field of science carried out relevant studies. Myungri was practiced and studied as one of the many branches of this science field, which proves how important it was regarded by the people of the time nationwide. Myungri. was a science that people of all ranks had acknowledged for its salutary effects and accuracy.
From the ancient days back then, orientals have tended to believe that happiness can be sought by recognizing warnings of misfortune beforehand and thus preventing it by means of inborn human energy. Should this be approached and studied as a general and universal belief, it may also be interpreted in terms of science, consultation psychology, for, example. This notion of predicting a person's destiny and dating future events through his given conditions constitute the basics of Eastern culture. Eastern religions are also closely related with this very notion.
Eastern people thus developed many prediction skills to foresee human destiny. Myungri is notably representative of these skills, which first grew from Chinese studies on the movements of the universe and the cyclic changes of nature. Such observations of nature's principles, added by experimental knowledges, helped interpret and explain the roads of destiny lying ahead of people. As mentioned above, Myungri was not a creation of one or two devoted people, but a widely accepted belief that grew solid through various steps of verification and alteration over a long period. The system of Myungri is based on two sets of signs, called the Ten Heavenly Stems and Twelve Earthly Branches(十干十二支). These codes each represent an element of nature, whole in itself but all related to each other inevitably. The dynamic complementary forces that keep the universe in balance known as Yin and Yang(陰陽), as well as the basic Five Elements (五行) that compose our world, are also interrelated with these Stems and Branches in providing the pattern from which one's destiny is tailored. The Ten Heavenly Stems are Gap(甲), Ul(乙), Byung(丙), Jung(丁), Mu(戊), Gi (己), Gyeng(庚), Shin(辛), Im(壬), Gye(癸) and the Twelve Earthly Branches are Rat(子), Ox(丑), Tiger(寅), Rabbit(卯), Dragon(辰), Snake(巳), Horse(牛), Goat(未), Monkey(申), Chicken(酉), Dog(戌) and Pig(亥), while the Five Elements refer to Wood, Fire, Earth, Metal and Water.
The theory of the Four Pillars of Destiny dates back to the Tang Dynasty of China. A person by the name of Lee Huh-Joong(李虛仲, 762-813) is known to have first formed the basic concepts. Though the theory of Myungri had its negative effects on the Korean society since, its affirmative influence must have been stronger, considering its longevity and prevalence among people. Even today, people rely heavily on Myungri to explore one's destiny and remove any possibility of misfortune on the way. However, despite such great influence and popularity among modern Koreans, Myungri has not been dealt with fully as a academic branch of study among domestic scholars. The author consequently could not but encounter much difficulty in carrying out a integrated, orderly study on the field, due to lack of sufficient research materials. First, the author found that remaining materials and documents on Myungri were not systematically organized. Second, though numerous people have studied Myungri and have created a wide variety of different theories, a great majority of them have not touched properly on the very essences constituting Myungri, namely the Ten Heavenly Stems, the Twelve Earthly Branches, Yin and Yang and the Five Elements. The author believed that these essential elements must-be first dealt with in depth, and thus started by studying the Ten Heavenly Stems and the Twelve Earthly Branches, also exploring how these are eventually applied to the interpretation of Myungri. Third, most interpretations and theories of Myungri found in old books from earlier eras cannot be applied to today's cultural and social characteristics. The author acknowledged this problem and examined interpretative alternatives within the dissertation. Last of all, the author ended the dissertation with a renewed look into the true value and meaning of Myungri.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 目次
• ABSTRACT = v
• I. 서론 = 1
• 제1절. 間題의 提起와 硏究 目的 = 1
• 제2절. 硏究方法 = 3
• II. 十干十二支의 발단과 전개 = 5
• 제1절. 十干十二支의 起源과 意味 = 5
• 1. 甲骨文에 나타난 十干十二支의 내용 = 5
• 2. 古文獻에 나타난 十干의 意味 = 6
• 가. 『說文解字』에서 十干의 해석 = 8
• 나. 『史記』, 『漢書』에서 干干의 해석 = 10
• 3. 古文獻에 나타난 十二支의 意味 = 13
• 가. 『說文解字』에서 十二支의 해석 = 14
• 나. 『史記』, 『漢書』에서 十二支의 해석 = 16
• 4. 十干十二支에 대한 歷史的 考察 = 20
• 5. 干支에 대한 현대적 觀念 = 21
• 제2절. 十干十二支의 발달 = 25
• 1. 十干十二支에 대한 天文學的 영향 = 26
• 가. 十于과 古天文과의 관계 = 26
• 나. 十二支와 古天文과의 관계 = 28
• 다. 六十甲子 = 31
• 라. 曆法의 原理 = 33
• 2. 十干十二支와 陰陽五行과의 관련 = 38
• 가. 陰陽意味 = 38
• 나. 五行意味 = 45
• 다. 于支와 陰陽五行과의 配屬 관계 = 52
• III. 十干十二支의 命理的 이론체계 = 57
• 제1절. 于支의 命理的 槪念 = 57
• 1. 十干에 대한 『淵海子平』, 『三命通會』에서의 해석 = 61
• 2. 十干에 대한 『適天髓』에서의 해석 = 64
• 3. 十二支에 대한 『淵海子平』, 『三命通會』에서의 해석 = 77
• 제2절. 于支를 적용한 命理 理論 = 80
• 1. 天干 地支 合의 원리 = 80
• 가. 天干 合 = 80
• 나. 十二支 六合 = 87
• 다. 十二支 三合 = 89
• 라. 十二支 方位合 = 91
• 2. 天干 地支의 대립적 관계 = 92
• 가. 十干의 相沖의 원리 = 92
• 나. 十二支의 相沖의 원리 = 93
• 3. 天干이 生하고 成하고 衰하며 滅하는 과정(胞胎法) = 95
• 4. 干支를 이용한 命理 解釋 理論 = 97
• 가. 日于(我)의 相生, 相剋 = 97
• 나. 十神의 涵意 = 98
• 다. 天干地支를 이용한 十神의 구성 = 103
• IV. 十干十二支를 근거로 하는 기존 命理 이론과 해석 비판 = 106
• 제1절. 命理 이론상의 문제 = 106
• 제2절. 命理의 해석상 문제 = 110
• V. 결론 = 113
• 참고문헌 = 117