崔貞熙 小說 硏究 = (A) study on the novel of Jung-Hee Choi

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Jung-Hee Choi is the peculiar woman writer who has overcome the historical turmoil during the Japanese ruling period and the Korean War through her burning passion toward the literature. Her literature was the survival means of the miserable life, salvation of the life, and the her life itself. She has left over her big footprint in the Korean history of the woman literature by doing that she issued the social problem with the woman's delicate emotion and suggested the new alternatives without giving up her life from the limit and despair of the human being occurred in the every difficult situation during the sixty years of her long life from 1931 to 1990.
In this thesis, I have attempted to establish the new phase of the woman literature by investigating the identity of a female in the position of the re-illumination" of the woman text focused at the humanized female by thoroughly reviewing the overall world of the writer Jung-Hee Choi's novel in the various ways of approaches. And, I have reviewed the process of her literature formation, and summarized her overall works, and theoretically reformed the relationship between the Korean woman literature and the feminism. Also, I semantically investigated the identity of the unique characteristics contained in her novels in the psychological, sociological, and ecological methodology points of view, and finally approached with structural methodology of the literature for classification of her works.
Jung-Hee Choi started her literary career at the time when a group of professional women writer, Shinae Pack, Kyungae Kang, Sunhee Lee, and Dukjo Chang had appeared with their own voices in the 1930s. It is important to review the works of a female in this period in order to investigate the image of a female appeared in the Korean modern novel. With the starting point of the meaningful side of the woman's life connected with the contemporary times and love, she tries to find a solution to a problem of a female life with various voices over her lifelong novel.
Jung-Hee Choi is a woman's writer in the 1930', who pursued the woman's social problem. From the actual experiences with the historical rapid transition, she established her own literature. Jung-Hee Choi is a peculiar woman writer who has overcome the historical turmoil during the Japanese ruling period and the Korean War through her burning passion toward the literature. Her literature became the survival means of the miserable life, salvation of the life, and her life itself. She has left over her big footprint in the Korean history of the woman literature by doing that she issued the social problem with the woman's delicate emotion and that suggested the new alternatives without giving up her life from the limit and despair of the human being occurred in the every difficult situation during the sixty years of her long life from 1931 to 1990.
Major contents of the thesis can be summarized as follows.
Firstly, in the psychological aspect, the characters of the women appeared in the novel of Jung-Hee Choi strive with the subjective life from the strong Animus' loneliness, and they obtain a spiritual salvation from the fundamental power of strife in the Chora's space by embracing "the house" of the entire universe. The most of characters in her novels are the female head of a family who are suffering under the difficult situations from the mental, physical, and economical pains as she already experienced with herself. The <Jungjukgi>, which is her autobiographical novel, describes herself as a female head of a family, who was divorced and was so painful because she never forget her child 'after her child was sent to the husband's house, and also describes the image of her mother in a piteous way who never had an opportunity of the comfortable living in her life time. Her hateful husband is the symbolic 'space connected with her father who committed adultery and lived with other woman, and she, who cries with confession and sing a lullaby to make a child go to sleep, is the Chora space connected with her mother who have patience with self-sacrificing. Therefore, her mother exist in the early space of universe who had not divided into heaven and earth. The story of her novel is extended to the space of meaning by transforming from the Chora space to the Symbolic space
Secondly, in the sociological aspect, her novel is a literature that accepted positively a social gender due to the dismemberment of powerful discourse arid re-recognition of a cultural 'self-evident truth which are confronted with the economical poverty and the collapse of the traditional way of thinking and marriage. Often, her novel is said to be the story about the tradition and maternity, but it is a 1iterature that analyzed the identity of the herself against the powerful discourse in the other side of aspects. In the <Koksang>, the worth of the mother is spoiled due to the poverty. The traditional sex morale and the social sense of value appeared in the early works of the <Jimaek>, <Chunmaek>, and <Innmaek> are gradually changed through the disorder of 'the liberatiori and the evil practices of the war, and the worth of human being and the sex morale are pursued toward the satisfaction of the individual desire.
Thirdly, in the ecological aspect, her novel accepts the limitation and the despair of the human being as a natural stream of the organism, and recognize the necessity of the existence, and thus contemplates the cyclic nature of life and understands the aesthetics of the salvation. In the <Inkansa>, she take a skeptical view on the communist, and shows that the human being may destroy oneself by the thought generated by human being. Through the accord of nature and the echo-feminism, she investigated the harmony and the inter-reliance between the human being and the nature, the return to the nature, the longing for the purity, the delineation of feelings between human beings. In the social Eco-feminism points of view, the self-contradictory of the social structure appeared over the literature of the writer is understood from the ecology contained in the suppression structure of 'the society rather' than it points out the dominant position and the exploitation of the human being against the nature. A heroines of her novel are silently dreaming the utopia after grasping the principle of the power to enable the life in the suppressed structure of the society. In her late work representing the aesthetics of the existence and the salvation, she recognize the necessity of the existence, and thus contemplates the cyclic nature of life. She does not need any conflicts or strife, and there are no more ruling power or maltreatment. Only she just accepts the sense of futility and solitary as a reasonab1e demand. of the self-existence. The power of life as a mother's womb can continuously keep the life itself without the power of father, and will not stop the chain of the life cycle. A short story <Cricket>, which was written at the age of 57 in 1960s, deeply describes a series of problems of her old age and diseases, fear with death, retirement under the age limit. The novel <Tapdori> is evaluated as a highlight of her literature which tried to solve the fundamental problems of the life by comparing the life and the transmigration of souls with a zelkova tree. After 1990s, the ecological feminism generated as an alternative of the traditional feminism was developed from the just female problem to the environmental ethics and further environmental politics. It is also meaningful in this thesis that it re-develope the natural affinity and the lyricism of the human being, which were temporally forgotten due to the rapid advancement of the modern science and technology. Furthermore, it can be contributed to recover the non-lyricism of the cyber-cultural literature in the 21th century which prevails the egoism and demolition of the human being due to the computerized machine-based life.
Fourth, the autobiographical writing in the descriptive structure of her novel represents her own objective realization without indulging in the narcissism of her forbidden desire. A series of the novel, <Jimaek>, <Chunmaek>, and <Inmaek> describe the story of the female characters with "internal monologue, who comply with their fate without being off "the track of ground". The first-person describer, herself, is an eyewitness as well as an observer, and may not be distinguished from the pattern of the autobiographer.
Fifth, in the Kristeva-style writing, she creates the new "poetic logic" with various voices. In the novel <Goksang>, the character Nami tries to act for the satisfaction by oppressing her son because her husband is a weakling and so inability. Thus, her son, Moonsu tries to find out his mother in dream. He tries to escape from the image of the destructive mother who oppressed him, and ends up with a death in the process of the illusions about his mother. It is said by Kristeva that this is a behavior to deny the mother myth of the pre-Oedipus. In the Kristeva's expression, the words of "boundary" and "threshold" are used for emphasizing the exchangeable brackets between the consciousness and unconsciousness.
Finally, in the historical literature point of view, the meaning of the Jung-Hee Choi's novel exists in examining the identity of a female by dismantling and re-constructing the hidden essences of the contemporary situation in the position of a feeble people, not the powerful people. And, the identity of a female was also investigated in the psychological, ecological, and inter-text aspects through the fusion of the reality and lyrical sense with the nature. That is a big distinction between the the female writers, Hwasung Park, Shinae Pack, Kyungae Kang, etc played an active part in 1930s and the writers, Sohee Son, Kyungri Park, Okin Lim, Moosuk Han, Shinjae Kang played in 1950s. Her autobiographical pattern of the writing is regarded as an important technique in expressing the conflict and the consciousness of a female and thus is contributed in the investigation of the structural methodology of the literature. In addition, she was a successful woman writer in the point that her honest writing style largely contributed in establishing the equivalent position between the writer and the reader. Today, her world of literature is being acknowledged the outstanding characteristics of the purity in the new aspects of the feminism criticism as a valuable text.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 목차
• I. 序論 = 1
• 1. 문제제기와 연구목적 = 1
• 2. 연구사와 연구방법 = 7
• II. 최정희 문학의 형성과정과 작품개관 = 19
• 1. 생애와 시대적 배경 = 19
• 1) 출생과 성장 = 19
• 2) '신건설' 사건과 이데올로기 = 23
• 3) 파인과 덕소생활 = 27
• 4) 해방 공간과 친일파 = 29
• 5) 6.25 전쟁과 종군기자 = 33
• 6) 4.19 민주항쟁과 통일의지 = 38
• 2. 작품 개관 = 40
• 1)습작기 작품 - 여성 문제 제기 = 41
• 2)초기 작품 - 여성 의식 구현 = 41
• 3)중기 작품 - 자연과 전쟁에서 구현한 존재 의식 = 41
• 4)후기 작품 - 욕망 해소와 인생 관조 = 42
• III. 여성문학과 페미니즘 = 43
• 1. 여성의식과 페미니즘 = 43
• 2. 한국여성문학과 페미니즘 = 46
• 3. 크리스테바와 페미니즘 = 52
• IV. 남성지배담론과 여성 정체성의 서사구조 = 59
• 1. 심리학적 관점 = 62
• 1) '코라' 공간의 어머니 = 63
• 2) '아니무스'의 고독 = 67
• 3) '집'의 서사공간 = 70
• 2. 사회학적 관점 = 73
• 1) 경제적 궁핍-삶의 투쟁 = 74
• 2) 지배 담론 해체-전통, 결혼 와해 = 78
• 3) 文化的 公理 再認識-社會的 性의 능동적 수용 = 85
• 3. 생태학적 관점 = 89
• 1) 생태 비평과 상보적 다원주의 = 90
• (1) 비평 다원주의 = 93
• (2) 심층 생태학과 사회 생태학 = 94
• 2) 자연합일과 에코 페미니즘 = 97
• (1) 전원생활과 에코 페미니즘 = 99
• (2) 사회적 에코 페미니즘 = 103
• 3) 실존과 해탈의 미학 = 106
• (1) 본질적 인생탐구 = 106
• (2) 순환적 인생관조 = 109
• V. 최정희 글쓰기의 서사구조 = 114
• 1. 자전적 글쓰기 = 116
• 1) 고백체적 사소설 = 116
• 2) 1인칭 서술 상황 = 121
• 2. 크리스테바적 글 쓰기 = 126
• 1) 상호 텍스트성의 다성적 목소리 = 127
• 2) 의식과 무의식의 치환경계 = 133
• VI. 최정희 소설의 문학사적 의의 = 140
• VII. 結論 = 144
• * 참고문헌 = 154
• * 부록 = 161
• * ABSTRACT = 166