全南地方 土壙墓 硏究 = (A) Study of the Pit Tombs in Chonnam Province

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Till now ninety pit tombs from twenty-eight sites have been excavated in the Chonnam province. Most pit tombs have been discovered along the Youngsan River basin and the Bosung River basin, but some of them were investigated outside of the river basin. The time of pit tombs is divided into three periods according to the structure and the buried artifacts of them. The details are as follows.
In first period, the type of pit tombs are pit tomb with ditch and pit tomb with stone mound. The pit tomb with ditch is considered to act as a individual graveyard, and it looks similar to previous burial customs. Especially the ditch is structure that defines the graveyard in this period. The pit tomb with stone mound is the combined structure of stone cist and pit tomb. From this, we can understand how the pit tomb developed. It is thought that people at that time accepted the pit tombs of their free will. The pit tombs do not signify the growth and appearance of the new group of people from outside.
During the second period, the wooden coffin was used generally in the pit tombs, and also the form of ditches were more diversified such as a round shape, a horseshoe shape, and a trapezoid. The pit tomb's location was moved to a high place which offer a better view than before. The defining characteristics of the second period is that with the increasing popularity of the pit tomb, the number of pit tombs with ditch also increased. The symbolic meaning of the ditch as the tomb's graveyard gradually decreased. As a result. the use of the ditch began to generalize, and it was also one of the factors that promoted the growth of the big mound tomb. In other words, the plane structure emphasizing a ditch was general during the first period, but the height of the mound was more important during second period.
In third period, the type of pit-wooden chamber tomb appeared for the first time, and the artifacts, suggesting exchange with the other areas(Kaya, Shilla), are excavated. In this period, the pit tombs and the jar coffin tombs also coexisted and the jar coffin tombs were used as a main tomb in this stage, whereas before this period the jar coffin tombs were an additional tomb of the pit tombs.
This is directly related to the growth of the big jar coffin tombs. Also the burial location of the artifacts was limited around a wooden coffin, but it shows the expansion of the burial space to the ceiling area. It is confirmed that the pit tombs also developed the large sized one in the Chonnam province, and because of this, the views which this phenomenon was only observed from the big jar coffin tombs in Youngsan River basin, should be reconsidered.
As mentioned above, the pit tombs in the Chonnam province were examinated. During the process of discussion, it is difficult to examine in detail the chronology of discovered artifact. Also, the analysis of the characteristics on each stage is short, because each period's range was so broad. These problems remains for study in the future. I hope that the characteristics of the pit tombs in Chonnam province will be more clear as studying the culture between A.D. 1 century and A.D. 2 century which remains as a blank.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 목차
• Abstract
• I. 머리말 = 1
• II. 유적의 분포
• 1. 영산강유역 = 4
• 2. 보성강유역 = 11
• 3. 기타 지역 = 12
• III. 토광묘의 형식과 편년
• 1. 토광묘의 분류
• 1) 유구의 분류 = 15
• 2) 유물의 분류 = 17
• 2. 토광묘의 시기구분
• 1) I 기토광묘 = 29
• 2) II기토광묘 = 31
• 3) III기토광묘 = 34
• 4) 편년 = 36
• IV. 토광묘의 변천과 성격
• 1. 토광묘와 다른 묘제의 관계 = 41
• 2. 변천 = 43
• 3. 역사적인 성격 = 48
• V. 맺음말 = 51
• 그림 = 54
• 참고문헌 = 60