국어 화용표지의 연구 = (A) Study of Pragmatic Markers in Korean

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This dissertation present a semantic and pragmatic analysis on the various aspects and characteristics of pragmatic markers based on the data drawn from spoken conversation and written discourse in Korean. The pragmatic markers which are frequently expressed in speech situation and are morphologically restructured, have developed semantic changes in the process of grammaticalization.
Grammaticalization is presupposed as an explanatory parameter which can seize the development of grammatical forms and pragmatic markers are a kind of phenomena of currently progressing grammaticalization in this dissertation. So I will try to clarify the concept of grammaticalization before detailed discussion. According to Traugott(1991), the term "grammaticalization" can be defined as the process whereby lexical items and constructions come in certain linguistic contexts to serve grammatical functions, and once grammaticalized, continue to develop new grammatical functions.
The development of pragmatic markers is explained as an axis of successive strategies in the semantic changes, based on the Traugott(1982)'s principle of semantic changes. Its principle is hypothesized as unidiectionality, the process of grammaticalization develops linearly and irreversibly from propositional meaning to textual and expressive meaning.
The concept of pragmatic markers in this paper can be defined as follows: the pragmatic markers are one of spoken features that substantial lexical meanings are bleached by grammaticalization, are deviated from word classes, and arc lost syntatic freedom.
The pragmatic markers are linguistic forms which have expressive meaning that indicates various discourse-textual functions, speakers' beliefs, and attitude in the sense of relationship between the sequence of speech situation, using them by speakers selectively. The pragmatic markers include two forms. One is autonomous forms which are morphologically restructered (e.g. "ice" 이제, "I" 이, "keu" 그, "ca" 저, "keunyang" 그냥, "meo" 뭐). The other is dependent forms which are shifted from the substantial and original lexical meaning in the spoken language through the process of grammaticalization. (e.g. "kacigo" 가지고, "ro" 로, "yo" 요, "mariya" 말이야).
Chapter One describes the research purpose, its historical backgrounds and characteristics of spoken language data. And the data are mainly drawn from Korean spoken language.
Chapter Two establishes the concept of pragmatic markers, describes theoretical backgrounds of grammaticalization, and demonstrates the relationship between grammaticalization and pragmatic markers.
Chapter Three is devoted to the dependent forms of pragmatic markers that are selectively used by speakers according to discourse situation; "kacigo", "ro", "yo", and "mariya". They were explained as follows : "kacigo"(originally means possession) as a kind of cognitive process like a metaphor, "ro"(originally a case marking postposition) as a pragmatic strengthening, "yo" (an expansion of "hayyo") as focusing discourse informations in terms of honorific system, "mariya" as a form shifted from prepositional meaning(mal+ita) to expressive meaning(speakers' psychological attitude)
Finally, Chapter Four examines the discourse functions of autonomous forms such as "ice", "i, keu, ca", "keunyang", and "meo".
They were explained as follows : the various textual and expressive meaning of "ice"(shifted from time of adverb), the expressive meaning of "i, keu, ca"(originally demonstratives), the expressive meaning of "keunyang"(shifted from adverbial) including "keuyang", "kiyang", "kyang" and "nyang", the pragmatic meaning of "meo"(developed from interrogative).

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 목차
• ABSTRACT
• 제1장 서론 = 1
• 1.1 연구목적 = 1
• 1.2 연구사 = 4
• 1.3 대상 자료 = 10
• 1.3.1 구어자료와 화용표지 = 10
• 1.3.2 자료의 성격과 한계 = 13
• 1.4 전개 = 15
• 제2장 화용표지의 개념과 발달 배경 = 17
• 2.1 화용표지의 개념과 범주 = 17
• 2.1.1 화용표지와 관련개념 = 17
• 2.1.2 화용표지의 구어적 특징 = 23
• 2.1.3 화용표지의 범주 = 25
• 2.2 담화구조와 화용표지의 기능 = 27
• 2.2.1 담화와 담화분석 = 27
• 2.2.2 구어체 담화의 구조 = 29
• 2.2.3 화용표지의 담화적 기능 = 32
• 2.3 문법화와 화용표지 발달 = 35
• 2.3.1 문법화의 이론적 배경 = 35
• 2.3.2 화용표지의 의미전이 방향 = 44
• 2.3.3 문법화와 화용표지의 상관성 = 46
• 2.4 요약 = 48
• 제3장 의존적 화용표지의 양상 = 49
• 3.1 의존적 화용표지 : '가지고' = 49
• 3.1.1 도입 = 49
• 3.1.2 '가지고'의 문법화 = 50
• 3.1.3 의존적 화용표지 '가지고'의 양상 = 65
• 3.2 의존적 화용표지 : '로' = 69
• 3.2.1 도입 = 69
• 3.2.2 '로'의 다의성과 화용적 의미 발달 = 70
• 3.2.3 의존적 화용표지 '로'의 양상 = 75
• 3.3 의존적 화용표지 : '요' = 79
• 3.3.1 도입 = 79
• 3.3.2 '요'의 확대사용 = 80
• 3.3.3 의존적 화용표지 '요'의 양상 = 83
• 3.4 의존적 화용표지 : '말이야' = 85
• 3.4.1 도입 = 85
• 3.4.2 '말이야'의 문법화 = 85
• 3.4.3 희존적 화용표지 '말이야'의 양상 = 86
• 3.5 요약 = 90
• 제4장 국어의 화용표지 발달과 담화기능 = 92
• 4.1 화용표지 : '이제' = 92
• 4.1.1 도입 = 92
• 4.1.2 시간부사와 화용표지의 발달 = 94
• 4.1.3 화용표지 '이제'의 담화 기능 = 99
• 4.2 화용표지 : '이, 그, 저' = 109
• 4.2.1 도입 = 109
• 4.2.2 '이, 그, 저'의 지시적 의미 = 109
• 4.2.3 화용표지 '이, 그, 저'의 담화 기능 = 113
• 4.3 화용표지 : '그냥' = 120
• 4.3.1 도입 = 121
• 4.3.2 '그냥'의 명제적 의미 = 121
• 4.3.3 화용표지 '그냥'의 담화 기능 = 122
• 4.4 화용표지 : '뭐' = 127
• 4.4.1 도입 = 127
• 4.4.2 '뭐'의 명제적 의미 = 128
• 4.4.3 화용표지 '뭐'의 담화 기능 = 130
• 4.5 요약 = 133
• 제5장 결론 = 135
• <참고문헌> = 138