This thesis sought to elucidate the ontological status of cyberspace and virtual reality that are the core concepts of socio-cultural phenomena based on C.M.C.(Computer-Mediated Communication), and to explain problems of personal identity, self-identi...
This thesis sought to elucidate the ontological status of cyberspace and virtual reality that are the core concepts of socio-cultural phenomena based on C.M.C.(Computer-Mediated Communication), and to explain problems of personal identity, self-identity and agent in a new perspective. Cyberspace is an artificial information space which emerged through the high performance computer and world wide network. This space is a virtual one to which the spacio-temporal dimension of the actual world cannot be appllied. However, because it has various characteristics of spacionality similar to those of the physical space, cyberspace is neither a mere metaphoric nor a notational space; but rather it is an objective and real space. Virtual reality is associated with things or events that exist and happen in cyberspace. Although this reality shows different modes of existence from physical objects or mental objects, it should be considered another reality of a new concept - rather than a hallucination or fiction - because there are incessant interactions between what happens in virtual reality and objects in the actual world.
In a wider sense, the actual world, cyberspace, and virtual reality constitute a real world. Through contact with the virtual world, human beings can maximize the capacity of their mind and cannot help but adopt different types of their action and community life styles. In the virtual world, in fact, the traditional concepts of person and self become different, and various software agents, which are not natural men, become the subjects of action. Analyzing and synthesizing these new concepts, which have been brought about by the advancement of the telecommunications technology, is a necessary step for the establishment of a new perspective and values on the world and human beings that may fit the information age.
This thesis is composed of the introduction, five main chapters, and conclusion. The theme of each chapter is as follows:
Chapter 1: Approach to the nature of cyberspace and virtual reality through the conceptual analysis about the topological features of cyberspace and the virtuality of virtual reality. Cyberspace is a media-mediated information space that can interact with user in bidirection. It is where communications occur between physical bodies as inforamtion entities, between men as infonauts, and between informatized man and physical body. Cyberspace as a public and functional space has unique spacionality that cannot be reduced to any physical or mental space. Since such rubrics as dimensionality, continuity and density are applied to cyberspace, and there are explicit principles by which all the agents actions can be orderly described, it could be told that cyberspace has reality. The opposite concept of virtuality in virtual reality is not reality but actuality. Virtual reality, a potential reality, and actual reality constitute a twofold mode of existence. First, virtual reality is a digital pattern in which perceptable and imaginable or experiencial contents are incorporated, and this pattern can be actualized in various forms according to physical conditions and users intention. The common factor that characterizes all the various functions of virtual reality is its preeminence as a medium. Virtual reality marked by presence and immersion tilts toward an ultimate display and by bonding the community members expedites the realization of the so-called global village.
Chapter 2: The ontological cues of cyberspace from some of the traditional world-making theories. Platos Idea, Leibnizs Possible world, Goodmans Constructive world, and Poppers world 3 are all differentiated from the actual world, and they reflect pluralistic world views. Cyberspace is similar to these concepts in that it is neither a physical nor mental world but a third region of existence. None of those world views, however, covers all the features of cyberspace. They cannot explain how virtual reality in cyberspace causally interact with physical things and mental entities in the actual world.
Chapter 3: The ontological foundations of cyberspace and virtual reality. There is a clear distinction between the physical being and the mental being, and thus no direct causal interactions occur between them. However, the information into which these two areas are virtualized through the process of digitalization belongs to the same kind. In cyberspace, concrete entities and abstract information are transformable into each other, and the consequence of this information exchange gives the same causal effect on both of the physical world and the mental world. The ontological basis of cyberspace and the virtual reality is information. Information is the primitive element that constitutes the world, and therefore it cannot be defined by such terms as physical or mental. The emergence of cyberspace and virtual reality implies the enlargement of the mental space and augmentation of the actual world entities. Some are negative toward the possibility that the virtual reality might replace the actual reality. However, because these two realities are of entirely different metaphysical grounds, they can coexist and coevolve.
Chapter 4: How the concepts of person and self are applied to infonaut as a subject of virtual action. Because the mental and physical properties that identifies oneself in the actual world can often be changed arbitrarily in cyberspace, the notions like person and self-identity in a traditional sense lose their significance. Engaging in both the actual and virtual world as person with the same self, people can freely express their conflicting selves that have been latent. In cyberspace, the self-identity problem becomes a matter of freedom and choice. Ones experience of personality transformation may cause a negative result like personality disorder or escape, but it can also bring about quite a few positive effects: Personality transformation can not only minimize ones errors in his actual life but enrich his inner experiential contents. Although the self that one expresses through his access to cyberspace is fractional, it is his genuine self that forms his actual self. Clearly, the realization of a multiple self in cyberspace does not mean the disruption of self; but rather it implies the enlargement of self.
Chapter 5: Not only human but also software agents like Bots and Avatars as subjects of action in virtual community as infonauts and review on some axiological problems about human action raised by those virtual agents. It will be manifested that having intelligence among other things is the primary condition for becoming an active agent, and Turing test will be suggested for the purpose of identifying criteria of intelligence. Two objections may be raised. One is a system-external objection, and the other is a system-internal objection. The point of the former is that we can never make software agents that passes the Turing test, and the point of the later is that although there exists any programmed agent passing the Turing test, it does not have intelligence. However, considering empirical examples like diverse expert systems and artificial lives that have recently been developed, there is no apriori barrier for artificial intelligence. Dreyfus and Searle misunderstood the major concepts of computationalism like computation, understanding and program, and made the error of begging questions.
Conclusion: As we extend our every day life sphere into cyberspace, our traditional views on man and the world will undergo drastic changes, and new value systems appropriate for this situation will need to be established. If it is true that virtual reality displaces actual reality rather than replaces it, the next thing to do is to grope for the way by which actual reality is reorganized toward the direction of keeping human dignity and amplifying values of humaness. The significance of this study can be found in terms of its ground work for further discussions regarding more axiological problems.