三國遺事 人物說話의 小說化 過程 硏究 = (A) study on process of making the character story in Sam KooK Yoo Sa into novelitization

국문 초록 (Abstract)

이 논문의 목적은 삼국유사의 인물설화를 중심으로 텍스트의 의미구조와 그것이 내포하는 문학적 상상력을 규명하는 데 있다.
지금까지 삼국유사는 우리나라 고대의 역사서임에도 불구하고 신화학, 민속학, 불교학, 역사학 등의 연구대상이 되어왔다는 것은 주지의 사실이다. 이는 삼국유사가 상당히 많은 내용을 포괄하고 있다는 사실과 관계한다. 따라서 삼국유사에 대한 시각은 역사적·문학적·철학적 텍스트 등 어느 일면에 국한해서는 안된다는 전제를 생각하게 한다. 왜냐하면 삼국유사는 과거의 객관적 인물의 사건에 기초를 두는 사실의 기록이라는 역사성과 개인의 일생 중에서 가장 의미있다고 여겨지는 일화와, 이념의 서사라는 문학성을 함축하는 다양성을 지니고 있기 때문이다.
따라서 이 글에서는 삼국유사를 언어를 매개로 한 개인의 행적과 그것을 재현하는 서사구조의 틀로 보고, 이 언어적 모델 속에 내재된 의미소들을 밝힌다. 그러한 과정에서 드러난 것이 바로, 의미소들이 인물의 행위 및 주제의식 등과 서사적 공통성을 가진다는 점이었다. 이에 그 사이에 숨어있는 공통된 틀를 찾아내고, 그 틀이 후대 고소설에 어떻한 영향을 끼쳤는가란 문제까지 살펴보았다. 따라서 이는 우리나라 서사문학의 원형과 계승관계를 천착하는 작업도 병행하고 있는 셈이다.
이러한 작업에 서사시학적인 방법을 적용하였다. 서사시학이란 문자로 표현된 텍스트 자체에 기반을 두면서 그 속의 내재적 원리나 의미소의 모티프를 추출하는 방법인 것이다. 이는 최근에 정립되고 있는 것으로, 그레마스의 서사행정의 4단계인 조종(발신자, 작용주체)과 권능(능력 획득), 실행(결핍의 충종이나 귀속, 소유) 그리고, 비준(평가·인정)의 개념을 의미축으로 하고, 또한 E. 부케의 누가(주체), 바라는 것(소망), 조력자, 행동, 결과의 5단계를 연결축으로 하는 것이다. 이들의 이론이 서사문학의 원리를 밝히는데 적합한 것이라는 것은 이미 그레마스가 성서의 구약 중 인물설화를 효과적으로 분석했고, 부케가 「역사적 상상력의 '문학적 변용」에서 설화를 분석했다는 점에서 확인할 수 있다. 이들이 대상으로 설정한 텍스트는 삼국유사와 상당한 유사성을 지니는 것으로, 본 연구의 객관성이 드러난다고 본다.
이러한 전제에서 본 연구는 삼국유사 전 8편까지 입전된 인뭍설화을 영웅, 사랑, 효선, 세태풍자 등 네 가지 유형으로 분류하여 서사시학적 방법을 적용시킨 것이다. 즉 영웅 이야기로 단군, 주몽, 혁거세롤, 사랑 이야기로 춘추공, 도화녀, 수로부인을 택하였다. 또한, 효선 이야기로 진정사, 대성, 貧女를 세태풍자 이야기로 사금갑, 연오랑, 경문왕 설화를 선택한 것이다. 이 작품들은 삼국유사의 인물설화 중 네 가지 유형이 지닌 특성을 가장 잘 반영하고 있고, 그 문학성이 뛰어나다는 점에서 선택한 것이다. 또한 이러한 텍스트에서 추출된 의미소와 모티프들이 후대 고소설과 어떻게 연결되는지도 고찰하였다. 즉 홍길동전, 유층렬전, 조웅전 등의 영웅소설과 금오신화의 만복사저포기, 이생규장전 등의 염정소설, 그리고 심청전으로 대표되는 효행소설과 박지원의 호질, 양반전, 예덕선생전 등의 세태풍자 소설과의 관계를 규명한 것이다. 이는 앞에서도 밝힌 바와 같이, 삼국유사의 문학적 운동성과 후대 고소설의 선택과 수용의 과정을 탐색하는 과정인 것이다.
이는 기존의 삼국유사의 인물설화가 역사학, 불교학, 고고학, 배경설화, 찬시연구 등 단편적인 것에 치우치는 점을 지양하고, 문학 내적인 문제로서 사문학의 원형과 운동성에 접근했다는 점에서 의의가 있다고 본다. 더불어 이는 삼국유사 인물설화의 가치와 의의, 즉 문학성을 더욱 적극적으로 해명하는 것이고, 기존 우리나라 서사문학의 기원이 외래적인 수용에서 비롯되었다는 시각에서 탈피할 수 있는 근거로서의 역할도 수행한다고 생각한다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Strictly speaking, the prerequisite of understanding literary works starts with positive reading to earnestly read the given works based on liguistic scientific model.
At this time reader should accept the principle to examine the correlational network of meaning already inherent in the text, not to find it out of the text.
From this point of view, the basic situation that the correlation of literary influence should be the change history of the function of descriptive full stop as formal element and meaning is aphered to.
Therefore looking on this basis, it is found that the prototype of our descriptive style and narrative literature has certain legendary story style and structural tradition from ancient character story via middle age to modern times. In particular, the type of oral character story starting from primitive times is contained in Sam Kook Yoo Sa, also has become a source to supply constant nutrition.
From the points that character story of descriptive method dealing with human behavior as individual, and creative behavior of subject expressing chosen themetic consciousness, its literary value is remarkable. This suffices that Sam Kook Yoo Sa goes beyond the level of be coming one style of historical descriptions and understood as prototype of descriptive literature, that is, a structure of the most prototypical type novel.
Accordingly, in a proper sense, it was judged that the searching for new method to typical analysis and meaning abstraction of character description is needed for clarifying the style and meaning of hero, love, devotion, satire stories in Cho Sun Dynasty. This means that it inquired into the system of style and meaning by applying descriptive poetical method to it considering the descriptive literature as liguistic structure to individual thematic behavior on the assumption that this process should be the work transcending the level of exploring the original story.
After all, this study aims at finding out the original works becoming which hero, love, devotion and satire stories followed, analyzing the type of works connecting it to future ancient novels step by step, abstracting its meaning system.
The total course attempted and conclusion reachhed in this treatise are as follows.
First, foundation hero stories like Tan Koon, Joo Mong, Hyuk Geo Se who had been recognized as one prototype of hero story was considered on the respects of from and meaning. From the meaning process acquired by them according to the 4-step descriptive cycle, at the foundation hero story of Sam Kook Yoo Sa and future hero story, parents' prayer to god and unreal experience due to dream of conception forms the assumption that the personto be born is provided as one of excellent ablity rather than human condition.
At the stage of ability and practice in foundation hero story, Tan Koon experiences the changing process to human being through Woong Nyeo's hardship, not hero's, while Hyuk Geo Se acquires the qualification of King through making him bathed in Dong Chon. Joo Mong is deserted in his childhood, confronted with trouble and adversity, but over comes the crisis by parents' and his own wisdom. Future hero stories, heros recognize their positional handicap of illegitimate child when young, experience the loss of parents and break-up of home. As the heros acquire the qualification like this, they also act as task-practicing subject learning Taoist magic and tactics. Foundation heros stories are plotted that they rightly govern the country and finally return to the heavenly world at the last stage of being accepted as subjects, heros stories are also plotted like that cyclic structure that they complete the individual realistic mission and enjoy the high position and wealth, then return to the heavenly world. This proves that it is meaning fully formed at the same structure as that of foundation hero stories. In this way, the formal meaning of descriptive process in foundation hero stories and hero stories has characteristically represented the individual life and heroic life sharing certain descriptive cycle with each other. Judging from this point, foundation hero stdries include the heros of future hero stories and possibility of from it.
Second, the love stories of Do Hwa Nyeo, Moon Hee, Soo Ro wife provide the motive of love story. This discussion examined that the descriptive structure of story and novel are presented in the same way. Do Hwa Nyeo, Moon Hee, Soo Ro wife, characters in stories, appear as the existences full of desire. They examine their own desire and mark efforts to realize it at the stage of ability and practice, in the course of process it has the descriptive structure to accomplish that. This appears more complicated aspect at the future-generation novel. Acquisition of ability, as stdry, has positively changed the given obstacle to acquire their own performing ability rather than inherent ability. Also it constitutes the descending form in which real world overwhelms self by emerging as dual practical structure in the course of desire search and realization or as frustration type in the achievement of transcendental love in the end realistic sense. However, these things result from accepting the motive of narrative semantic structure, which is found that they have same type.
Third, Jin Sung, Dae Sung, Bin Nyeo's devotion and good stories have much similarities to typical devotion story, Shim Chung Jeon.
By this, we can think of its correlation at the level of descriptive cycle and semantic structure beyond the problem what the original story is. That is, it shows the commoness that the realistic condition of subject practicing devotied behavior, also keeps the similarity in that it starts the solution of problem and conflict by offering even in the course of suggesting difficulties of devotion practice at the stage of ability and practice. The semantic structure of Shim Chung Jeon has been more complicated to inducement of interest in that the offering in Jin Jung. Dae Sung's stories is connected to the direct result of guarantee of future life, while the offering in Shim Cheong Jeon brings suffering, in the end results in achievement of Shim Cheong's whish. Also in case of Bin Nyeo's story, the support of mother by selling her body and Shim Cheong's body offering, dual world structure of Dae Sung story and cyclic dual structure of Shim Cheong Jeon's reality-imagination-reality are the concrete evidence of this similarity.
Also it can be confirmed that Hyo Sun story of Sam Kook Yoo Sa contributed much to the formation of Shim Chung Jeon in that acceptance and approval of the practice of devoted behavior is generalized by decisive powers, buddhistic power and mysterious experience of fantasy world.
Fourth, King Kyung Moon, Sa Keum Kap, Yon Oh Rang stories have considerabley similar relationships with novels of Young Jeong Jo era, especially Yon Am Park Ji Won's satire novel. Satire is used to attack the suprastructure by infrastructure when society is composed of dual structure.
That is, it means that new social moral and organization take a strong repulsion and aggressive manner when old social moral and organization remain without losing its dinity. In this respect, the real objective of satiring. is found to lie in enlightenment of personality and correction of social evil. That is, among satiring stories of Sam Kook Yoo Sa, the satirical techniques like King Kyung Moon's sexual inversion, Suppression of press, disorder of Sa Keum Kap's chastity spirit, King Ah Dal Ra's political tyranny and crisis in Yon' Oh Rang and Se Oh Nyeo story are nothing but the bitter expression of suppressed subiect's aggressiveness.
This technique of satiring in Sam Kook Yoo Sa has been connected to Yon Am Park Ji Won. Park Ji Won was conscientious man who had extremely suffered from agony between confucian reasonableness and reality, practical intellectual who had made effort to realize social right. In spite that the objects satired by him as the statemen and nobilities should be exemplary man to others, they show corrupt mental attitude and incapable pratical power, so they become the objects of criticism.
From this point of view, the satirical story of Sam Kook Yoo Sa and Yon Am's satirical novel have common points in that their objects are realistically inable, immoral statemen and nobilities, they expose their falsehood in the stage of practicing ability, also suggest the prospect that society's ethics and moral should be recovered and made for at the stage of approval.
As the above discussions, this treatise is believry to considerably approach the literary charcteristic and value which character story of Sam Kook Yoo Sa has as prototype of descriptive literature. That is, it could infer the problem of examining the prototype and source of descriptive literature as well as problem of literary selection and mobility of developmental direction appeared in the relation to future-generation discriptive literature.
However, to more clearly and comprehensively grasp the literary significance of enormous Sam Kook Yoo Sa, still too many unsolved tasks are thought to be left. Therfore future assignment is to microscopically and systematically analyze individual work constitution a part of Sam Kook Yoo Sa since through that investigation, inherent literary centents can be the inclusive tension relation between history and literature can be illuminated.
In the future, this author pledge myself to make effort to supplement the lacking part, and materialize the merhodology and view suggested by this study, on this, honesthy respond to the real literary value of descriptive literature.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 국문초록 = ⅰ
• 目次 = ⅲ
• Ⅰ. 緖論 = 1
• 1. 硏究目的 = 1
• 2. 硏究史 및 硏究의 範圍 = 4
• 3. 人物說話의 分析理論과 方法 = 7
• Ⅱ. 人物說話의 敍事構造 = 15
• 1. 建國英雄 이야기 = 15
• 1) 단군 = 16
• 2) 주몽 = 24
• 3) 혁거세 = 30
• 2. 남녀간의 사랑 이야기 = 38
• 1) 도화녀와 비형랑 = 38
• 2) 태종 춘추공 = 43
• 3) 수로부인 = 46
• 3. 孝善 이야기 = 51
• 1) 진정사 = 51
• 2) 대성 = 56
• 3) 貧女 = 60
• 4. 世態 諷刺 이야기 = 64
• 1) 연오랑 세오녀 = 64
• 2) 사금갑 = 70
• 3) 경문대왕 = 75
• Ⅲ. 人物說話의 變移過程과 古小說의 關係 = 81
• 1. 建國英雄說話와 古小說 = 82
• 2. 愛情說話와 古小說 = 102
• 3. 孝善說話와 古小說 = 134
• 4. 世態諷刺說話와 古小說 = 146
• Ⅵ. 人物說話와 古小說의 意味體系 = 166
• 1. 英雄說話와 英雄小說의 意味體系 = 167
• 2. 愛情說話와 愛情小說의 意味體系 = 171
• 3. 孝善說話와 孝行小說의 意味體系 = 177
• 4. 世態諷刺說話와 諷刺小說의 意味體系 = 180
• Ⅴ. 結論 = 186
• 참고문헌 = 192
• ABSTRACT = 197