서울지역 초등학교 어린이의 식생활 실태조사 : 식습관 및 기호도 중심으로 = (A) study on status of dietary behavior by school children of elementary school : Data based on dietary habit and food preference

국문 초록 (Abstract)

신체적, 정신적 성장발육이 왕성한 시기인 초등학교 아동의 식습관 및 기호 등과 관련된 전반적인 식생활 실태를 파악하여 이들의 상호 연관성을 알아보고 관련요인들과의 관계를 규명하여 초등학교 아동들의 식생활 문제해결에 있어서 구체적 해결 방안을 모색하기 위하여 시도하였다.
본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다.
1. 조사대상 아동들의 평균 체중과 신장은 한국인 체위기준치에 나타난 같은연령 아동의 평균치 보다 높았으며, 여아에 비해 남아의 BMI값이 높았다. 부모의 교육수준은 비교적 고학력으로 나타났으며, 어머니의 취업률이 높은 반면 대신 돌봐 주는 어른이 있는 경우가 적어 아동의 올바른 식습관 형성에 저해요인이 될 수 있으므로 학교가 적극적으로 영양교육에 참여하여야 할 것이다. 또한 식생활에 관한 기본적인 영양지식은 많은 아동들이 습득하고 있었으며 정보습득경로는 학교수업시간과 어머니, 매스컴으로 나타났다.
2. 식습관에 대한 조사 결과 많은 수(72%)의 아동들이 아침식사를 하고 있었고, 식사내용은 밥과 국으로 된 한식으로 하는 경향이었으며 아침식사를 거르는 이유로는 '식욕이 없어서'와 '늦잠'이 가장 많았다. 또한 여아의 경우와 급식학교 아동의 아침식사 결식률이 높았다.
간식은 하루에 한번 이상하고 있는 것으로 나타났으며 여아에 비해 남아의 간식횟수가 많았고, 간식은 주로 점심과 저녁식사전에 많이 하는것으로 나타났다. 식사에 소비되는 시간은 20분정도 이었으며 남아가 여아보다 빠르게 먹는 경향을 보였다. 세끼니의 규칙성은 대부분 규칙적이었으나 여아와 급식학교 아동이 불규칙적인 경향을 나타냈다.
가족식사에서 반찬은 아버지 위주의 형태이며 식사준비는 주로 어머니가 하는 것으로 나타나 아동들은 아버지에게 식습관과 식품기호의 영향을 받으며 어머니가 주로 아동의 식생활 관리를 담당하는 것으로 나타났다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This is to understance the mutual relationship among the various dietary behavior related to the dietary habit and food preference of the elementary school children who are in the prime of their physical and mental growth, and then to find a suitable solution for the problem of their dietary behavior through close looking into the reation of each revealed factor.
The result of this research is as follows:
1. The average weight and height of the reserch subject(elementary school children) are above the average in comparison with the children in the same age on the basis of Korean Physical standard value, and the boys' BMI value is more higher than the girls' one.
Most of their parents have a good academic career and the ratio of working mother is high. However, since there is few guardians to take good care of the school children, it may be a negative factor to interrupt a school children's desirable dietary habit.
So, it is required for the school to have sincere concern about the nutrition education.
Also, the result shows that a number of school children have acknowledged the basic knowledge on the nutrition from the school class, mother and mass communication.
2. The result of the research on the school children's dietary habit shows that a number of school children have a breakfast with Korean style such as rice and soup, whereas some school children do not The school children who seldom eat a breakfast contain a very high ratio of girls and the school children provided with school lunch. Their main reason of not habing breakfast is "just because of no appetite".
As to eating between meals, the result indicates that the school children eat something between lunch and supper, once a day more. And boys have more higher frequency than the grIs.
A general meal time is for about 20 minutes, and the boys tend to eat the meal more faster than the girls. Except the girls and the school children provided with school lunch, most of the school children eating a meal regulary, three meals a day.
The result indicates that mothers mainly manage the school children's dietary behavior, whereas the school children's dietary habit and food preference has been affected by their father since most of their mothers prepare the meal father-centered menu.
A number of school children, especially girls and the school children not provided with school lunch, tend to have an unbalanced diet. Due to such an unbalanced diet, the school children even have a list of the foods which they never eat such as vegetable, muchroom, egg, and fish.
The "favorable factor" and "unfavorable factor" on the food are mainly influenced by "taste". Most of the school children enjoy the lunch or dinner out once a month, and the boys have more higher frequency in eating out than the girls.
3. The result of the research on food preference shows that school children have the highest preference for boiled rice, Nnangmyun, pizza and fried rice in case of a staple food. And in case of an accompanying dish by 9 cooking methods, their preference is for the roasted frying and fried dish rather than the Namuls and Moochims. The school children's favorite kind of dessert is fruit. In general. boys have more higher food preference than the girls and they prefer an animal foods to a vegetable ones.
4. An analysis on the obesity and the dietary habit as well as a general related factors shows that the obesity group almost have a breakfast and they seldom eat the food between regular meals. However, they tend to eat the food "much" and "faster" at meals than the low-weight group. In the case that the parents have a high academic career and the mother dosen't working, the most school children tend to be a obesity group.
In the case that the parents have a high academic career and the mother dosen't working. the most school children tend to be. a obesity group.
5. An analysis on the relation between food preference and BMI group shows that the obesity group have more higher preference in food, espacially in fried animal dish rather than vegetables.
Judging from the above research result, we learned that the school children's height and weight grow very quickly for the Korean physical standard value. But, It is still more required for the school to have a deep condern on the school children's health and nutrition status since their mother's employment is continuously increasing here in Korea.
Therefore, the school needs to improve the school children's whole dietary behavior through providing various kinds of school lunch and developing a new cooking method. In addition to this, the school has to research an advanced teaching method of nutrition education so that the school children will be able to make efficient use of it And above all thing, it is also important for the school children to have a practical attitude to improve their current dietary behavior.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 목차
• 국문요약 = v
• I. 서론 = 1
• II. 이론적 배경 = 4
• 1. 식습관 및 식품기호도 = 4
• 2. 신체계측과 식습관 관련요인의 관계 = 10
• 3. 학교급식과 식습관 관련요인의 관계 = 15
• III. 연구 방법 = 17
• 1. 조사대상 및 시기 = 17
• 2. 조사내용 및 방법 = 17
• 3. 자료처리 및 분석방법 = 20
• IV. 연구결과 및 고찰 = 21
• 1. 일반사항 = 21
• 2. 식습관 = 27
• 3. 음식기호도 = 44
• 4. 신체계측과 식생활 관련사항 = 63
• V. 결론 및 제언 = 72
• 참고문헌 = 77
• 부록 = 88
• 영문초록 = 112