경상남도 방언의 지리적 분화에 관한 연구 = (A) Study on Geographical differentiations in Kyeongsangnam-do Dialects

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The aim of this thesis is to investigate the differentiations in Kyoˇngsangnam-do dialects, and divide subdialects division in Kyeongsangnam-do.
I have traveled this regions five times excavating dialect materials, and made a questionnair of two hundreds items, and sent this questionnair to the chief of myoˇn and eup.
Dialect materials were col looted in a04 myoˇns and ups which covered 93% of the whole area.
I have classified and sorted out this materials from which I have sellected 57 divided items. At the main discourse, I explained 87 items which are divided forms by means of geographical linguistics. It's main subject is as follow:
(1) In the main chapters, I've tried to examine 87 divided items by consonantal differentiations which runs as follow.
a) Consonantal phoneme /s/ and /s'/ are undistinguishable phonemes in the east-northern area, and distinguishable phonemes in the other regions. (cf. atlas 5∼8)
b) And various KyOˇngnam dialects are divided by phoneme [b]. In east area they keep [b] holding forms, and in wast area [b] deleting forms. (cf atlas 12∼16)
c) This region's dialect is also divided into two areas: northern area and southern area by /k/ fortization. (cf. atlas 17-19)
d) The final consonants /rk/ are divided /r/ and /k/, in east area /r/ is pronounced, and in west area /k/ is pronounced. (cf. atlas 26~30)
(2) The divison of kyOˇngsangnam-do dialects by vowels are as follow.
a) The phoneme /∧/ is changed to /a/ in northern area, and changed to /3/ or /o/ in southern area. (cf. atlas 32-38)
b) The vowel /e/ and /ε/ have merged into /ε/ in the eastern and sourthern areas of kyOˇngsangnam-do, whi le two vowels are kept as independent phonemes in the western area. (cf. atlas 4)
c) The change of phonemes by e＞i which appears in northern area, which aspect has been developed from kyOˇngsangpuk-do to thi s area.
(3) The differentiations of KyOˇngsangnam-do dialects by morphological variation are shown by addition of suffix {i}. This variation appears in eastern area.
(4) We can divide KyOˇngsangnam-do into 5 subdialect areas by isoglosses in atlas D. That is as follows:
1) east-northern area: Ulsan, Yangsan, Miryang, Ch'angnyOˇng.
2) central area: Hapch'Oˇn, EuiryOˇng, Haman, Ch'angwOˇn, Kimhae.
3) west-northern area: KOˇch'ang, Hamyang.
4) western area: Hadong, Sach'Oˇn, Chinyang, Sanch'Oˇng.
5) west-southern area: Namhae, KosOˇng, T'onarOˇng, KOˇje.
This establishment of dialect areas was not only based on the method of linguistic analysis but also natural geographical effects. The Naktongang is the very natural phenomenon which seperates KyOˇngsangnam-do dialect into east-northern area and central area. Chirisan has done the same in dividing western area into sub areas. So southern sea had effect holding island and the seashore areas with same dialect area. There are no difficulties to communicate between continent and island situated in Southern Sea that they could be included by same dialect area.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 목차 = ⅰ
• 1. 앞머리 = 1
• 1.1. 연구의 목적 = 1
• 1.2. 연구사 = 2
• 1.3. 연구의 방법 및 절차 = 6
• 1.3.1. 방언 자료 조사 = 6
• 1.3.2. 방언지도의 작성 = 13
• 1.3.3. 서술 과정 = 13
• 1.3.4. 전사(Transcription) = 14
• 2. 방언 분화 = 16
• 2.1. 음운론적인 분화 = 16
• 2.1.1. 닿소리에 따른 분화 = 16
• 2.1.1.1. 닿소리 체계의 차이 = 16
• [1]. /s/,/s'/ 대립 = 16
• [2]. /s/,/s'/ 대립의 등어지대 = 20
• 2.1.1.2. 닿소리의 유지형과 탈락형 = 22
• [1]. k[g] = 22
• [2]. P[b] = 25
• 2.1.1.3. 닿소리의 센소리되기 = 30
• [1]. k : k' = 30
• [2]. k : k' : k^(h) = 32
• 2.1.1.4. 닿소리 덧나기 = 33
• [1]. r 덧나기 = 33
• [2]. k 덧나기 = 35
• 2.1.1.5. 곁받침소리 줄이기 = 36
• [1]. -rk의 -r : -k = 36
• [2]. -rp의 -r : -p = 38
• 2.1.2. 홀소리에 따른 분화 = 40
• 2.1.2.1. 홀소리 체계의 차이 = 40
• [1]. e,ε 의 변별 = 40
• [2]. i , а 의 변별 = 41
• [3]. 홀소리 체계 = 41
• [4]. 홑홀소리 체계의 등어지대 = 43
• 2.1.2.2. /./ 의 변천에 따른 분화 = 44
• [1]. Λ ＞ a : Λ ＞ з = 44
• [2]. Λ ＞ a : Λ ＞ o = 47
• [3]. 겹홀소리의 실현 = 50
• 2.1.2.3. e ＞ i에 따른 분화 = 52
• 2.2 형태론적인 분화 = 55
• 2.2.1. 베풂꼴 씨끝 = 55
• 2.2.2. 물음꼴 씨끝 = 56
• 2.2.3. 시킴꼴 씨끝 = 57
• 2.3. 어휘론적인 분화 = 63
• 2.3.1. 한 말뿌리의 분화 = 63
• 2.3.1.1. 뒷가지치기 = 63
• [1]. 뒷가지 '-이'의 첨가 = 63
• [2]. 뒷가지 '개,-(앙)이'의 첨가 = 65
• [3]. 뒷가지 '-아지,-앙이' 의 첨가 = 67
• 2.3.1.2. 닿소리의 수의적 바뀜 = 68
• 2.3.1.3. 홀소리의 바뀜 = 70
• 2.3.2. 말뿌리가 다른 방언형 = 76
• 3. 방언 개신과 하위 방언 구획 = 89
• 3.1. 방언 개신의 방향 = 89
• 3.1.1. 북쪽에서 남쪽으로 = 89
• 3.1.2. 동쪽에서 서쪽으로 = 91
• 3.1.3. 서쪽에서 동쪽으로 = 91
• 3.1.4. 그 밖의 개신 = 91
• 3.2. 하위 방언 구획 = 93
• 3.2.1. 하위 방언 구획의 방법 = 93
• 3.2.2. 방언 분포 및 분화형의 분류 = 94
• 3.2.2.1. 남북 분화의 방언형 = 94
• 3.2.2.2. 동서 분화의 방언형 = 96
• 3.2.3. 방언 분화의 지리적 양상 = 98
• 3.2.3.1. 남북 분화의 해석 = 98
• 3.2.3.2. 동서 분화의 해석 = 100
• 3.2.3.3. 종합적 해석 및 하위 방언권 = 101
• 3.3. 방언 분화의 자연 지리적인 배경 = 105
• 3.3.1. 산 = 105
• 3.3.2. 강 = 106
• 3.3.3. 바다 = 108
• 4. 마무리 = 109
• 참고문헌 = 113
• Abstract = 121
• 부록 경상남도의 방언지도 = 124