壺谷 南龍翼의 詩文學 硏究 = (A)study on the poetic literature of Hogok Nam Yong-Ik

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of my study is to perceive the poetic world of Hogok Nam Yong-ik(1628-1692), who had lived during the period from King Incho to Sookjong. He was a famous man of letters representative of his times, as well as a wise government of official holding high-ranking position. In spite of his considerable achievements on the various parts of poetic literature, Nam Yong-ik has been scarcely studied in relation to his Hogok-jib. In order to perceive the poetic world of Nam Yong-ik, I tried to examine his life, works, poetic influence, critical views, and classify the poems in Hogok-jib into some groups by subjects. lastly, I tried to study on the characteristic of Nam Yong-ik’s poetic literature.
First, in Ch.Ⅱ, “His Life and Works,” I could find that Nam Yong-ik lived during the period when He political party strife was the severest in Chosun. In this hard circumstances, however, he did not take sides with any political party in order to maintain neutrality. He held high-ranking government posts successively and visited Japan and China as a mission representative of Chosun. In spite of his busy life as a government official, he also continued his literary writing.
When he was the minister of the Board of Civil Office, he made some trouble in the matter of naming the prince and was deprived of his rank. After that, he was forced to go into exile to Myungchun in Hamgyung province and died of illness there at age 65. In addition to Hogok-jib, he wrote Hogok-Mmpii, Pusangrok, Kia, Yissi-Yoninjib and so on.
In Ch.Ⅲ, I studied on Nam Yong-ik’s poetic influence. He studied only literature himself, without deep knowledge in Confucianism. Though he didn’t have any special master in literature, Nam Yong-ik principally made Tufu’s poeoy the example in his own writing. Especially he was much interested in Tufu’s technique of making poems and poetic soul.
In Ch.Ⅳ, “His Critical Views,” it’s found that his critical views could be classified into four parts: the criticism of poetic origin, of poetic style, of poetic substance and of poetic individuality.
In the criticism of poetic origin, since there was no original poetic tradition in Korea, he examined the influence of Chinese poets on Korean poets, by criticizing Park Eun, Chung Doo-gyong, Yi Soo-kwang and Yi Min-goo. In the criticism of poetic style, he classified the styles of the poets of Koryeo and Chosun into 79 kinds and suggested a new critical system in the theory of poetic style. In the criticism of poetic substance, he criticized the poems of Yi Hyun-jae, Chung Ji-sang, Yi Kyu-bo(Koryeo) and Park Eun, Kwon Pil, Chung Doo-gyong(Chosun), in relation to poetic rhyme, style, mood and form, especially not with the impressionistic but with the substantial criticism. In the criticism of poetic individuality, he examined the poetic tendencies, characteristics and literary views of Yi San-hae, Chung Chul, Song Ik-pil, Choi Rip, Yi Chung-goo, Shin Heum and Wang Se-jung. He acknowledged their individuality and originality.
In Ch.Ⅴ, “Analysis of His Poetry,” of all the poems in Hogok-jib, I chiefly examined object, travel, mission, exile poems and historic poems. ‘Object poems’ were divided into three parts; the poems on flowers and plants, on birds and insects, and on natural phenomena. From these Poems, it’s perceived that the objects and I are one, by personifying objects. ‘Travel poems’ were very lively by using repeated words often. In these poems, his view of nature was found that the world and I are one. In ‘Mission poems’, which he wrote while he visited foreign countries as a mission, the good virtues, such as loyalty and filial piety, were found, as well as foreign custom and manners. In ‘Exile poems,’ the poet himself was expressed as a loyal subject, in spite of his difficult condition at the place of exile. Especially he embodied the transcendental view of the world through his own poems, purifying his sufferings as catharsis. In ‘Historic poems,’ Nam Yong-ik made the history of ancient Chinese figures expressed in 60 pieces of poems, with his extensive knowledge.
Lastly in Ch.Ⅵ, I examined the characteristic of Nam Yong-ik’s poetry. The conclusions are as follows;
First, he laid more emphasis on realistic expression than on technical expression. So, after describing the scenery realistically, he then dealt with the world of sentiment in his poems.
Second, 1 could find many historical facts quoted in his poems, which were not so much unnecessary quotations as suitable and fitting comparisons. These quotations added some exquisite beauty to his poems and helped to make his original poetic world.
Third, since he wrote poems while he was in the government service, loyalty and the love of the people stood out conspicuously in his poems. The historical character was also found.
As mentioned above, I tried to study on the poetic literature of Nam Yong-ik, laying stress on his anthology Hogok-jib. I was motivated to study on his poetic literature because Hogok-jib had been scarcely studied, though he became distinguished in various fields of poetic literature--composing, analyzing and collecting poems.
As the result of my study, it was concluded that Nam Yong-ik was one of the most important literary men of Chosun in the 17th century, with reference to his literary establishment. Therefore, his poetry should be evaluated newly nowadays.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 목차 = ⅰ
• Ⅰ. 序論 = 1
• 1. 問題의 提起 및 硏究 目的 = 1
• 2. 硏究 方法과 範圍 = 3
• Ⅱ. 生涯 = 5
• 1. 背景 = 5
• 2. 生涯 = 8
• 3. 著述 = 14
• Ⅲ. 詩文學的 淵源 = 16
• 1. 杜甫의 文學觀 = 16
• 2. 東國의 學杜와 詩學 思潮 = 18
• 3. 南龍翼의 杜甫 受容 = 22
• Ⅳ. 詩文學 批評觀 = 32
• 1. 源流批評 = 32
• 2. 風格批評 = 36
• 3. 本質批評 = 40
• 4. 個別批評 = 48
• Ⅴ. 作品分析 = 59
• 1. 詠物詩 = 59
• 가. 花卉類 = 60
• 나. 鳥蟲類 = 70
• 다. 天象類 = 72
• 2. 觀遊詩 = 76
• 가. 自然美의 遊賞 = 76
• 나. 景物과 風俗 = 81
• 다. 客愁와 憐民 = 87
• 3. 使行詩 = 90
• 가. 景物과 風俗 = 91
• 나. 思親과 鄕愁 = 97
• 다. 愛國과 戀君 = 103
• 4. 流配詩 = 111
• 가. 流刑地의 日常 = 111
• 나. 景物의 觀照 = 117
• 다. 愛國과 戀君의 具現 = 121
• 라. 超越的 世界觀 = 126
• 5. 詠史詩 = 128
• 가. 諷喩를 통한 批判 = 130
• 나. 規戒를 통한 批判 = 139
• Ⅵ. 詩文學 特性과 文學史的 位相 = 148
• Ⅶ. 結論 = 153
• 參考文獻 = 156
• SUMMARY = 161