The conception[creation] of new life is truly a sacred and divine blessing. This blessed new life is an infinite source of happiness not only for the parents but also for their family, society, and nation. However, South Korea has unfortunately reache...
The conception[creation] of new life is truly a sacred and divine blessing. This blessed new life is an infinite source of happiness not only for the parents but also for their family, society, and nation. However, South Korea has unfortunately reached a ‘demographic cliff’ where the noble concept of ‘family’ is rapidly diminishing due to low birth rates. According to Statistics Korea, the country’s total fertility rate in 2023 was 0.72, the lowest among OECD countries. The situation has become so critical that discussions of national demographic sustainability have emerged. An urgent paradigm shift in population policy is needed, and our society must address this declining birth rate.
This study identifies the practice of ‘proper prenatal education’ as an essential measure to address the low birth rate. Firstly, it emphasizes the significance and value of ‘preparatory prenatal education’. ‘Preparatory prenatal education’ involves a proper understanding of the prenatal environment, encompassing the entire process from conception to gestation and childbirth. Through proper prenatal education, parents can confidently welcome a complete and healthy second generation as a gift from the heavens. This approach is fundamental to achieving happy families, a healthy society, and a prosperous, peaceful nation.
This study examines the theories and practices of traditional prenatal education through 『Taegyosingi』 a globally recognized comprehensive traditional Confucian text on prenatal education. By integrating traditional prenatal theories and methods with modern prenatal practices, the study seeks to contribute to the implementation of authentic prenatal education. It provides a theoretical exploration of 『Taegyosingi』, written by ‘Sajudang Lee’, a representative figure in traditional prenatal education studies. The study delves into the Confucian principles of traditional prenatal education, its significance and value, and the corresponding methods and practices. The prenatal education theory presented in 『Taegyosingi』 is grounded in the Confucian concept of self-cultivation(君子修身) for both prospective fathers and mothers, aiming for the refinement of their character and demeanor. This approach establishes the connection between prenatal education and the transformation of the child[treasure]'s inherent talents(才, JAE).
Fundamentally, ‘talents(才, JAE)’ arises from ‘vital energy(氣, GI)’, meaning changes in and ‘quality’ directly influence the transformation of ‘talents(才, JAE)’. The child[treasure] inherits both heaven-given nature and the parents ‘vital energy(氣, GI)’ and ‘quality’. What matters is not just inheritance but how this ‘vital energy(GI)’ and ‘quality’ manifest in a ‘positive(善) manner’; the child[treasure]’s ‘talents(才, JAE)’ are determined through this process. The process emphasizes the role of parents’ self-cultivation(修身) in shaping their child’s ‘talents(才, JAE)’. The study argues that what a mother eats, sees, and hears directly affects her physical and emotional state and, inevitably, the developing child within her womb. Therefore, the mother[pregnant woman] must practice restraint and moderation in her body and mind[spirit] in daily life, cultivating herself with a cautious[謹] attitude. Furthermore, by executing prenatal education methods based on overcoming oneself and returning to propriety(克己復禮) and the five avoidances(五勿), she can regulate her seeing, hearing, speaking, acting, and thinking through propriety(禮). This disciplined practice allows parents to gift a second generation with the refined ‘vital energy(氣, GI)’ and ‘quality’ of a virtuous individual. The study asserts that changes in the ‘vital energy(氣, GI)’ and ‘quality’ of both prospective parents can result in a healthy second generation[treasure].
Modern scientific research also highlights the significance of prenatal education, particularly through the emerging field of ‘epigenetics’. Prospective mothers, through prenatal practices aimed at enhancing the prenatal environment, explore possibilities of influencing the DNA expression of the second generation[treasure]. The prenatal education methods outlined in 『Taegyosingi』 are closely related to modern epigenetics, with the Confucian philosophical reflections in 『Taegyosingi』 aligning with today’s scientific findings. Because prospective parents must first govern their own bodies and minds, the study emphasizes that the physical and mental discipline, as well as the actions and words of prospective parents, significantly influence the second generation[treasure]. Confucius himself emphasized the practice of ‘proper conduct(禮)’ as the foundation of learning, setting it as the primary goal in answering the question, ‘How can one live a truly human life?’ This philosophy aligns with the belief that ‘learning and practicing proper conduct(禮)’, as demonstrated by the sages, are central to achieving human dignity and propriety.
In the first chapter of 『Taegyosingi』, Sajudang Lee underscores the critical role of prospective fathers in shaping the character of the second generation[treasure]. She argues that the daily mental discipline(一日正心) of the prospective father is even more important than the ten months[~280 days] of the mother’s prenatal practices. The universal hope is that children will be conceived with noble character and complete ‘vital energy(氣, GI)’ and ‘quality’. This study introduces the concept of ‘preparatory prenatal education’, asserting the necessity of harmonizing the disciplined seed[sperm] of the prospective father, the healthy seed [ovum] of the prospective mother, and a sound womb to create life. Humanity is a sacred being created under the mandate of heaven, standing as the center of all creation. Confucius emphasized, “The center of the world is the human being, and humanity is the foundation.” Hence, our ancestors regarded the birth of the second generation[treasure] as a precious gift from the heavens and lamented deeply when unable to receive such a gift.
Additionally, this study examines the fusion of ‘five elements and traditional music-based prenatal education’ and ‘nutrition and dietary prenatal education’ with modern prenatal practices. The Confucian prenatal education methods presented in 『Taegyosingi』 are expected to propose a new direction for modern prenatal education, integrating character and personality development. The proper implementation of prenatal education requires the collective efforts of not only the mother[pregnant woman] but also the family and the broader community. The sacred process of conceiving and giving birth to a second generation[treasure] extends beyond the personal domain, necessitating the attention and cooperation of society and the state. Therefore, it is anticipated that the government will establish ideal prenatal education policies to promote a proper prenatal culture, thereby addressing the pressing issue of low birth rates while fostering a peaceful and prosperous nation characterized by unity and happiness.