The origin of national rites in Korea began in the prehistoric period when the Big Dipper was carved on dolmens before history, but the Joseon Dynasty was the most developed period of the ritual.
This study is a study to find out whether there is a ...
The origin of national rites in Korea began in the prehistoric period when the Big Dipper was carved on dolmens before history, but the Joseon Dynasty was the most developed period of the ritual.
This study is a study to find out whether there is a correlation between the geographical location and the hierarchy of fengshui according to the hierarchy of rituals by visiting the place where the most ritual was developed during the Joseon Dynasty.
A ritual place is a place where rituals were held to various gods and ancestors to pray for the well-being and abundance of the country. In addition to its religious function, it was also used as a political means to strengthen royal authority in the Joseon Dynasty. Among the five rituals, the space where the Gilrye(吉禮: luck rule of etiquette) was located is in the form of Danyu(壇壝), an outdoor space, and Myowoo(廟宇: shrine), a roofed building, It would also be meaningful to confirm the fengshui value of these places as places related to the soul, not the tomb.
The ritual was divided into Daesa(大祀: a big ceremony), Jungsa(中祀: a middle ceremony), and Sosa(小祀: a small ceremony) according to the size of the subject and the person in charge, and among them, a total of eight Daesaji and Jungsa Temple marked on the old map in Hanseong were investigated.
At that time, the location of the ritual house followed the Jurye (周禮) 「Gogonggi(考工記)」, a ceremonial book for Neo-Confucianism, the founding ideology of Joseon. Jongmyo and Sajikdan were located on the left side of the Beopgung Palace(景福宮) and on the right side in accordance with the principle of "左祖右社" In the early Joseon Dynasty, the Wangudan was divided into the southern and northern ends, and the Cheondan(天壇: Heaven ritual site) and Jidan(地壇; Earth ritual site) were divided and located outside the city, and according to the etiquette, the Cheonjije was abolished and other rituals were held. Since farming and sericulture were important, Seonnongdan and Seonjamdan were located in Donggyo and Bukgyo outside the capital city according to the etiquette. Munmyo was exceptionally Jungsa, but it was located in the capital city because it was a structure with Seonggyungwan's Myeongryundang. This followed the hierarchy of places where Beopgung Palace is located at the center, Daesa is located outside it, and Jungsa is located outside it. In other words, it is a structure in which the ritual center is arranged in the Sasinsa with the capital as the boundary. As the traditional criterion for determining the value of fengshui geography, Yongmack(龍脈, mountain range), Hyul(穴, A place where energy is condensed), Sa(砂: a hill in four directions), Su(水: water path), and Hyang(向: Direction) are used, and the differences were compared by examining the fengshui geographic satisfaction of each ritual house. The hierarchy of various fengshui geographic evaluation items was divided into six stages and evaluated by giving scores according to their degree. As a result, Jongmyo, Sajik, and Munmyo ranked at the top, followed by the southern end, followed by Seonnongdan and Seonjamdan, and in the order of Wongudan. As expected, in general, the Daesa sites scored higher than Jungsa sites, but exceptions were made in Wongudan and Munmyo.
Jongmyo achieved high scores overall as well as strong mountain ranges, and The Sajikdan was an unusual arrangement toward the north, but it turned out to be a Myeongdang suitable for the Geographic New Law. The Wongudan, built at the end of the Joseon Dynasty, did not have a Myeongdang structure with a general Sa(four-hills), so the score was low because it could not apply the Geographic New Law. This seems to be due to the fact that the site of Nambyulgung Palace, which meets the conditions, was selected in the reverse direction by the function of Cheondan, which always had to face south. Even though Munmyo was Jungsa site, it was with Myeongnyundang as a representative Confucian building, and the waterway was well managed at all times, resulting in generally good evaluation. The South altar(南壇), which was originally the site of the original Wongudan Temple, is expected to receive better evaluation if it is possible to check the site as the main post area of Yongsan, and it is expected to need to be preserved as the remaining relics are important. Seonnongdan was transferred several times during the Japanese colonial period, and the estimated location was determined through the data. As a result, it was satisfied with Yongmack and Sa and had Bibo(裨補: Complementary method), which resulted in better-than-expected scores. It was confirmed that Seonjamdan was built on the scale of Sosa using the Zhou ruler(周尺) in the early Joseon Dynasty. Since then, it has not been expanded to the scale of Jungsa using Yeongjo-cheok(營造尺), and has reached the present day. There was a problem with the location of the alter, but it received a higher score than expected because it had a good location in terms of Yongmack, Sa, and Su.
The reason why the Daesa Site received a higher score than the Jungsa Site in terms of fengshui hierarchy is that it received good reviews in all aspects of Yongmack, Hyul, Sa, Su, Hyang, and Bibo.
This shows that natural topography takes precedence as the criterion for judging fengshui, but it can be supplemented to some extent through Bibo. The weighting problem of each indicator should be supplemented.
In addition, the fact that living spaces are located in the center of the city, and ritual spaces are placed in external Sa, is considered to show the excellence of space arrangement that applies the problems of life and death to Yanggi(city) fengshui. In modern society, it is considered to show the necessity of not only bright living spaces but also dark active spaces together, and it is considered to be a point to utilize if necessary for urban planning and supplementation.