Investigation is a series of processes that reconstruct the past based on evidence. Although it is impossible to reconstruct a perfect case, it is meaningful to find out the true meaning of the specific charges of estimating the actions of the person ...
Investigation is a series of processes that reconstruct the past based on evidence. Although it is impossible to reconstruct a perfect case, it is meaningful to find out the true meaning of the specific charges of estimating the actions of the person to be disposed of and revealing the substantive truth. In the case of Korea, it has been difficult to reveal the actual truth through coercive investigations and interrogation investigations in the past. However, the development of investigative techniques, the pursuit of rational investigations, and the increase in individual rights demands required new investigative techniques different from the past. Accordingly, scientific techniques were requested to analyze objective base information that can reconstruct events as evidence of the past. New investigative tools such as digital forensics and eavesdropping were effective means of collecting objective-based information on past actions. However, the use of new technical means has caused controversy regarding privacy infringement. A representative example is the confirmation of unconstitutionality of packet intercept. The Constitutional Court judged that the lack of objective control means after the execution stage of the wiretapping in the case violates the confidentiality and freedom of the claimant's communication and privacy.
The same would be said of the online search. As our lives become closer to digital devices or platforms, individuals who use them and service providers are more thoroughly adopting cyber security. In addition, the demand for basic IT rights is increasing, and individual subjectivity is being emphasized in cyberspace. The technological environment itself is changing as well as the lifestyles of subjects using technology. We are living in a new technological environment, such as cloud computing, remote server utilization, and automatic application of cryptographic algorithms. The characteristic of this technical environment is that there is no limit to the location, and that data has a meaning in the association of other data rather than simply the data itself. In addition, since encryption is basically applied to the data, it is difficult for a third party without authority to access the information. These changes in the technical environment and changes in the lifestyle in the environment require institutionalization of new investigative techniques. Therefore, it is an online search that was derived to introduce general hacking methodologies into the investigation to respond to the technical environment and to legally accept the core contents of basic IT rights according to changes in lifestyle.
The demand for online search has not only been drawn out suddenly in recent years. Even if it is not the term online search, the investigation technique has been discussed in terms of computer search investigation, government hacking, equipment interference, and extraterritorial seizure and search. Since these investigation techniques have a strong level of privacy restrictions, it was required to prepare a basis for authorization and to prepare requirements for allowing it in the Criminal Procedure Act. We have already managed the process of applying for and issuing warrants, and have been discussing establishing a control agency to prepare a post procedure. However, this is only a half discussion. This is because privacy restrictions are embodied in the way technical tools are developed and operated, and specific infringement can be expected rather than a comprehensive discussion of authority discussed in the legal system. Therefore, based on the attacker model of general hacking means, this study attempted to specify the life cycle of technical tools and identify specific privacy restrictions. Based on this, we tried to set the scope of privacy restrictions and set standards for the development and operation of technical means.
It is time to actively seek ways to improve the purpose of seizure and search as a compulsory investigation to discover the actual truth due to changes in the digital environment. If what we have been discussing about the investigation is a series of processes to reveal the truth, our online search discussion should no longer remain limited to the possibility of inclusion within the domestic legal system or the establishment of authorized regulations. It should be possible to accurately grasp the infringement of the authority that the privacy restriction may bring and establish the scope and standards for the restriction measures under an understanding of the specific technical means.