In this study, with the rapid aging and the emergence of the elderly, it is emerging as an important topic in the elderly policy to seek a plan for active social participation of the elderly population. The elderly's participation in society is viewed...
In this study, with the rapid aging and the emergence of the elderly, it is emerging as an important topic in the elderly policy to seek a plan for active social participation of the elderly population. The elderly's participation in society is viewed in a dichotomy of work and culture.
The following objectives were set to analyze the factors of the work-centeredness and cultural orientation of the elderly, including the baby boom generation, and to verify the factors that the work-orientedness and cultural orientation before retirement affect pro-social behavior. First, the higher the work-centeredness while at work, the higher the level of active old age after retirement. The purpose of whether or not it was affected was set.
The subject of the study was the retired age 50 to 69 residing in the northern part of Gyeonggi Province, that is, the year announced by the country in 2017.
The baby boom generation is at the center of the new generation called Sinjung-nyeon, and it refers to a large group that accounts for 28% of the population of Korea as a new generation that is emerging as a central axis in both the demographic and social aspects.
The research results are as follows.
First, as a result of conducting ANOVA to verify the difference in work-centrality according to the characteristics of the study subjects, the work-centeredness was significantly different depending on the presence or absence of a spouse. It was found that the one-centrality was higher.
Second, the difference in individualistic cultural orientation according to the characteristics of the study subjects showed significant differences according to gender, education, and average monthly household income.
In terms of gender, women showed stronger individualistic cultural orientation than men. As for the educational background, it was verified that the higher the educational background, the stronger the individualistic cultural tendency, and the higher the income, the higher the individualistic tendency.
Third, there was a significant difference according to age. As a result of average comparison, collectivist cultural tendencies were relatively higher in those in their 60s or older than in their 50s.
Fourth, as a result of conducting independent sample t-test and one-way variance analysis to verify the difference in prosocial behavior according to the characteristics of the study subjects, there were significant differences according to education level and monthly average household income. The pro-social behavioral tendency was relatively higher for those who had higher education, higher than middle school, university, and graduate school, and the pro-social behavioral tendency was higher when the average household income was higher than less than 2 million won.
From the above results, the single-centeredness showed a significant positive relationship with individualistic cultural orientation, collectivist cultural orientation, and pro-social behavior, and individualistic cultural orientation showed a significant positive relationship with collectivist cultural orientation and pro-social behavior. Also, there was a significant positive correlation between collectivist cultural orientation and pro-social behavior.
As a result, it was verified that work-centeredness, individualistic cultural orientation, collectivist cultural orientation, and pro-social behavior all showed significant positive correlations.
Multiple regression analysis was conducted to verify the factors affecting prosocial behavior. As a result of the analysis of variance, education and household income, which showed a significant difference in pro-social behavior, were converted into dummy and input as control variables, and one-centeredness, individualistic cultural orientation, and collectivist cultural orientation were input as independent variables. Cultural orientation, collectivism, cultural orientation were inputted as independent variables, and prosocial behavior was inputted as dependent variables, and regression analysis was conducted.
As a result, the fit of the regression model was verified to be significant, and R2=.494, which means the explanatory power of the regression model, showed that education, household income, work-centeredness, individualistic cultural orientation, and collectivist cultural orientation explained prosocial behavior by about 49.4%. It can be seen as doing. In addition, the Variance Inflation Factor (VIP) is all less than 10, so it can be determined that there is no multicollinearity problem.
As a result of verifying the significance of the regression coefficient to determine which variables have a significant effect on prosocial behavior, the control variables, such as education and household income, did not have a significant effect. Work-centeredness was verified to have a significant positive (+) effect on prosocial behavior, and collectivist cultural orientation did not have a significant effect on prosocial behavior, but individualistic cultural orientation had a significant positive (+) effect on prosocial behavior. It was verified to have an effect of +).
In other words, it can be judged that the higher the work-centeredness of the elderly, the higher the prosocial behavior, and the higher the individualistic cultural orientation, the higher the prosocial behavior.
Based on the research results, I would like to make the following suggestions.
According to the research results, the Korean economy is considered individualistic.