This study examined the influence of restaurant owner’s entrepreneurship on management performance. Research subjects were sorted by their level of entrepreneurship to high and low groups and were analyzed through their differences in general charac...
This study examined the influence of restaurant owner’s entrepreneurship on management performance. Research subjects were sorted by their level of entrepreneurship to high and low groups and were analyzed through their differences in general characteristics, type of business, strategic orientation, learning orientation, and management performance. In addition, the effects, which entrepreneurship has on strategic orientation, learning orientation and management performance, and the mediation effect of strategic orientation and learning orientation, working in the relationship of entrepreneurship and management performance, were analyzed. For the study, a survey was conducted on 422 restaurant owners, and analysis was performed using SPSS Statistics(Ver. 18.0, IBM Corp., Armomk. NY).
The results were as follows.
First, analysis on the differences in general characteristics of the high and low entrepreneurship groups showed a statistically significant differences in gender, level of education, start-up experience in the current type of business, start-up experience in other business areas, whether the owner has a relevant major, and whether the start-up restaurant owner is a family business successor (p<0.05, p<0.01). Also, analysis on the difference by type of business in the high and low entrepreneurship groups showed a statistically significant differences in distribution for size, number of employees, and number of menu development experiences (p<0.05, p<0.01).
Second, analysis on the difference in strategic orientation of the restaurant owner according to their entrepreneurship level revealed that the group with a high entrepreneurship level had a higher result in all three subfactors of strategic orientation - customer orientation, technological orientation, and competitor orientation. Also, analysis on the difference in learning orientation of the high and low entrepreneurship groups showed that the group with a high entrepreneurship level had a higher result in all subfactors of learning orientation - commitment to learning, shared vision, open mindedness, and interorganizational knowledge sharing. Analysis on the differences in management performance between the two groups showed that the higher group performed better both financially and non-financially intraorganizational knowledge sharing except one question.
Third, the two subfactors of entrepreneurship - innovativeness and proactiveness - in restaurant owners had an influence on customer orientation and technological orientation, which are two subfactors of strategic orientation. The other subfactor of entrepreneurship - risk-taking - had an influence on competitor orientation and technological orientation.
Fourth, with regards to the influence of entrepreneurship on learning orientation, all three subfactors of entrepreneurship - innovativeness, proactiveness, and risk-taking - had an influence in commitment to learning, a subfactor of learning orientation, while innovativeness and proactiveness affected open-mindedness and interorganizational knowledge sharing.
Fifth, regarding the influence of strategic orientation on management performance, all three subfactors of strategic orientation - customer orientation, technological orientation, and competitor orientation - had an influence on financial performance. Customer orientation and technological orientation had an further influence on non-financial performance.
Sixth, concerning the influence of learning orientation on management performance, two subfactors of learning orientation - commitment to learning and interorganizational knowledge sharing - had an influence on financial performance, while commitment to learning and open-mindedness had an influence on non-financial performance.
Seventh, concerning the influence of entrepreneurship on management performance, technological orientation and competitor orientation, two subfactors of entrepreneurship had an influence on financial performance, whereas proactiveness and innovativeness had an influence on non-financial performance.
Eighth, no mediation effect was found on strategic orientation between entrepreneurship and financial performance. Between entrepreneurship and non-financial performance, customer orientation, which is a subfactor of strategic oreientation, had a complete mediation effect on innovativeness, and a partial mediation effect on proactiveness.
Ninth, analysis on the mediation effect of learning orientation on the relationship between entrepreneurship and management performance showed that commitment to learning - a subfactor of learning orientation - had a complete mediation effect on proactiveness, a partial mediation effect on risk-taking, and no mediation effect on open-mindedness. Intraorganizational knowledge sharing had a complete mediation effect only for proactiveness. Between entrepreneurship and non-financial performance, commitment to learning, which consists of learning orientation, had a complete mediation effect on innovativeness and a partial mediation effect on proactiveness. Open-mindedness also had a complete mediation effect on innovativeness and a partial mediation effect on proactiveness. Intraorganizational knowledge sharing had a complete mediation effect on innovativeness and a partial mediation effect on proactiveness.
These findings indicate the need to develop and teach education programs in restaurant start-up education sessions and refresher trainings sessions for restaurant owners.