Reading is a basic learning tool and an important factor influencing school adjustment. The lower grades of elementary school are the first stages of school life, and reading development is an important predictor of academic achievement and adjustment...
Reading is a basic learning tool and an important factor influencing school adjustment. The lower grades of elementary school are the first stages of school life, and reading development is an important predictor of academic achievement and adjustment to school life. Word recognition, a major developmental factor in reading ability, refers to the process of looking at the spelling of printed words, applying them to phonological rules, and searching for and connecting the meaning-sound of mental lexicons. However, many students with developmental disabilities who are in the lower grades of elementary school have difficulty in word recognition words such as reading words based on familiar visual clues without connecting the spelling and meaning of words. Will cause difficulties. This leads to the inhibition of reading development and difficulty in adjusting to school life.
Therefore, as a way to develop word recognition, which is an important skill of reading development, reading activity intervention using the symbolism of Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) is emerging. Many studies have demonstrated that AAC intervention has a positive effect on word recognition and excursions for students with moderate or duplicate disabilities. Therefore, the necessity of research on the AAC intervention for the development of word recognition and the improvement of class participation behavior for students with developmental disabilities is emphasized. In particular, in the case of students who have already acquired spelling, the result of previous research shows that spelling knowledge has a greater influence on word recognition than phonological recognition. It is necessary to study whether reading intervention using the AAC's picture symbolism has an effect on spelling knowledge of students with developmental disabilities who have already acquired spelling.
Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of story reading activities in the common curriculum using the AAC picture symbol in the spelling knowledge and class participation behavior of students with developmental disabilities who have already acquired spelling in general elementary school.
Participants in this study were two students with autism disorder and one intellectual disability in grades 1 to 3 who attend elementary school in Sejong City. The study design was a multiple probe baseline design that proceeded to baseline, intervention, and generalization.
The experiment was conducted in a special class, and the intervention was conducted after preparation of story selection, target word selection, picture symbol card and reading material production. The picture books used for the intervention were selected to meet the four selection standards from the picture books included in the first and second grade national curriculum and the school curriculum. The target words were the core words of the story, and the five words were selected for each story after validity was checked by one special teacher and two general teachers considering the student's living environment.
The baseline consisted of three to six sessions, and the intervention consisted of ten to seven sessions. In the 10 minutes before each session, the target words of the last session were measured by the orthographic representation tasks and the rate of the positive reaction was determined by the sessions. To measure the incidence of student trips to class After 10 minutes of class start, 30 minutes were recorded, and the recorded data were observed and recorded by the partial interval recording method, and the incidence rate of class participation behavior was obtained at each session. Generalization tests were conducted to see if the changes in spelling knowledge and class participation behavior of participating students were generalized in an explanatory text in a format different from a picture book. Generalization tests were conducted for a total of three sessions, under the same conditions as the baseline.
The results of this study are as follows.
First. as a result of conducting intervention of story reading activities using picture symbols, all students with developmental disabilities showed that the correct response rate of the orthographic representation tasks was improved compared to before intervention.
Second, as a result of conducting intervention of story reading activities using picture symbols, For all three students with developmental disabilities, the spelling knowledge was found to be generalized in picture books and other structured statements.
Third, as a result of conducting intervention of story reading activities using picture symbols, in all three developmental disability students, the incidence of class participation behavior was found to be higher than before intervention.
Fourth, as a result of conducting intervention of story reading activities using picture symbols, For all three students with developmental disabilities, the class participation behavior was found to be generalized in the explanation of the structure different from the picture books.