The Hong Yangho family refers to Hong Yangho-Hong Huijun-Hong Seokmo-Hong Gyeongmo, and they came from a representative yeonghang family. They left several yeonhangloks based on their experiences. This study examined the records and the interactions w...
The Hong Yangho family refers to Hong Yangho-Hong Huijun-Hong Seokmo-Hong Gyeongmo, and they came from a representative yeonghang family. They left several yeonhangloks based on their experiences. This study examined the records and the interactions with Chinese writers by targeting the members of Hong Yangho family(洪良浩 家).
Chapter 2 is about the lineage of the Pungsan(豊山) Hong family(洪氏家), and especially the key figures―Hong Yangho-Hong Huijun-Hong Seokmo-Hong Gyeongmo. In addition, the family’s yeonhang details were shown in tables and bibliographic matters of yeonhanglok which was the study object were identified. A total of 38 people participated in the yeonghangs, and they were carried out for 46 times.
Their yeonhanglok’ characteristics and the meanings of Hongyangho’s family were organized in an order of Hong Yangho-Hong Huijun-Hong Seokmo-Hong Gyeongmo in Chapter 3. The yeonhang data that they left mainly consisted of poems and documentation, and the descriptive aspect and characteristics related to them were considered.
Hong Yangho’s poems not only received favorable evaluations from experienced writers but also holds a key post as a classic of the Hong Yangho family(洪良浩家)’s yeonhanglok. His poems and various traces continued to be a target of rhyme matching(次韻). It was found that their yeonhanglok clearly showed their own unique individuality as well as borrowed each other’s rhymes.
Hong Huijun’s yeonghang poems took lots of rhymes from Tu Fu(杜甫)’s poetry. He had seven yeonhang-related documents(記文), which show an open and new recognition to Qing. They seem to affirm Qing(淸)’s attitudes unconditionally on the surface but bear cynicism that Qing would collapse and return to its native place someday deep inside.
Hong Seokmo is the one who focused on China’s customs(風俗) most. Especially, detailed and extensive annotations(註釋) including poems and writings(詩序) give effective information and help appreciating the poems through enough background explanation. He tried to embody China’s different looks and customs in poetry as leaving 502 poems―which is the largest number―among all of the yeonhangs.
Hong Gyeongmo was the one with a pride in being a historian(史家), creating reminiscent poems(懷古詩) mainly during the yeonhang journey. 「 Gyeong-cha-wang-go-mun-heon-yeon-un-sok-yeong-si-un(敬次王考文獻 公燕雲續詠詩韻)」 was his creation to describe his feelings on the way to China with Hong Yangho, and 『Yu-gi(游記)[Ok-ha-seob-pil(玉河涉筆)]』, 『Yo-ya-gi-jeong(遼野記程)』, which were the writings reconfirming one person’s history with Yeongyeong and Liaodong as the center, contained the conviction that Liaodong’s situations were the key to Joseon’s stability.
Chapter 4 analyzed the poems(詩文) and the letters exchanged with Chinese writers during yeonghang and after returning home and examined the development of the three generations’ spiritual friendships(三代神交).
While the yeonhang envoys in the 18 th century concentrated on sightseeing of Beijing’s cultures and institutions, they rather wanted to meet the figures and tried to be recognized by them. 1
Hong Yangho met Gi yun(紀昀) during his second yeonhang, and that meeting was the beginning of the three generations’ spiritual friendships (三代神交). Hong Huijun acted as a liaison connecting the family’s yeonhang. He arranged his deceased father’s dispatch documents with Gi Suyu(紀樹蕤), and sent Hong Yangho’s collection of works to not only Qin but also Ryukyu(琉球國)’s envoy. he led academic discussions by letter and promoted family-like friendships as exchanging presents and giving his regards to their families.
Hong Seokmo(洪錫謨) and Hong Gyeongmo(洪敬謨) had that kind of meetings as well. Hong Seokmo(洪錫謨) met Qing writers including Gi Suyu(紀樹蕤), Jang Sangha(張祥河), Dae Gahoe(戴嘉會), Jin Yeoneun(陳延恩), Jang Wol(蔣鉞), Jo Gang(曹江), Jang Sim(張深). Hong Seokmo’s visit to Beijing was such an uncommon occurrence among Qing writers who were well aware of the meeting of Hong Yangho and Gi Yun.
Hong Gyeongmo met Gi Suyu(紀樹蕤), Jin Yeoneun(陳延恩), Yuk Gyeong(陸慶頤), Je Chipyeong(齊治平), Hae Gwan(海觀) and GilReuktonga(吉勒通阿) during his first yeonghang, and Gi Suyu(紀樹蕤), Jin Yeoneun(陳延恩), Yeop Jiseon(葉志詵), Jin Okgwang(陳瑾光), Jin Nanju(陳蘭疇), Su Bangwi(帥方蔚), Tak Byeongeom(卓秉恬), Hak Gye(鶴溪) and Gi Yeonghwang(紀瑛璜) during the second yeonhang. He possessed all the letters exchanged in Beijing.
Chapter 5 analyzed the results of yeonhang and its effects on this family. Their academic characteristic is profound knowledge(博學), and they left a number of writings with interest in a variety of subjects even during yeonghang. Especially, they tried to write about China’s customs and diverse looks.
There was a detailed verification of the aspect succeeding to Hong Yangho’s yeonhanglok. A strong sense to connect(續) yeonhang and how they longed for Hong Yangho imagining that they had been with him during those repetitive travels were shown. 「 Gyeong-cha-wang-go-mun-heon-yeon-un-sok-yeong-si-un(敬次王考文獻 公燕雲續詠詩韻)」 is the one describing such an aspect well. Hong Huijun created poems through direct and indirect communions with his father during his visits to Beijing. Hong Seokmo corrected and revised 『Yeon-yo-jab-gi(燕遼雜記)』 in the annotation of 『You-yeon-go(游燕藁)』 and brought Hong Yangho’s declaration and opnion everywhere in 『You-gi(游 記)[Wang-ha-seob-pil(玉河涉筆)]』. Even while doing so, his concrete opinion was different from his, and he tried to correct errors and include abundant content, which proved that he did more than simply borrowing Hong Yangho’s data.
The Hong Yangho family’s yeonhanglok stands out among the yeonhangloks in the 18 th and 19 th centuries. They went to Bejing mostly from the late 18 th and to the mid 19 th century interchanging with Chinese writers. They preached the reason for yeonhang as writing poems(送詩) and writings(送序) to a number of envoys going to Beijing. One of the reasons was to be recognized by the writers of Qing. It had a considerable influence on Joseon yeonghangsa and was a part with a purpose to request for sending letters to Qing writers as well.