여성혐오 담론의 경합과 공존 : <82년생 김지영>을 중심으로

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

ABSTRACT




Competition and Coexistence Toward the Discourses on Misogyny
: Based on Kim Ji Young, born 1982



Hyeon Kim




Department of Communication, Graduate School
Chungnam National University
Daejon, Korea


(Supervised by Professor Byung Woo Sohn)




Korean society has witnessed the emergence and spread of the 'Kim Ji Young phenomenon.’ Kim Ji Young, born 1982 is a novel that sharply brought the theme of misogyny into the public sphere. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the novel as a discourse about the resistance to the structure of a misogynistic society.
First, this study analyses the narrative of Kim Ji Young, born 1982 within a societal context. Then, an attempt is made to identify the influence of the novel on the dominant and counter discourses on misogyny by examining diverse discourses surrounding the 'Kim Ji Young phenomenon.’ The research will reveal how the novel raised questions about misogynistic gender relations in actuality.
According to the narrative analysis, it could be inferred that the novel raised counter discourses on misogyny with three strategies.
First, the novel secured public support for counter discourses on misogyny by using empathetic stories and legitimate discourse. It attempted to popularize the concept of misogyny as being defined from a feminist perspective based on popularity.
Second, it demonstrated the effects of self-multiplication of misogyny on women's lives, and it also explained why misogynistic gender relations were not recognized as a problem in reality. It revealed the women as ‘the others’ and suggested a way to overcome misogynistic gender relations by women's solidarity. Consequently, it has created a social atmosphere from which counter discourses on misogyny can be formed.
Third, the novel described how the subjectivity of women in a neo-liberalist context concealed gender inequality and expressed that neo-liberal gender norms put women in trouble. In postmodern neo-liberalist thought, the dominant discourse on misogyny claims that women and men are already equal. The novel has been demonstrated, however, that the premise is wrong through the discussion so far.
Based on these strategies, Kim Ji Young, born 1982 carried the change in reality beyond the novel. For example, it has made it acceptable for the public to raise questions about the (re)production of media that multiplies and solidifies the gender ideology. Furthermore, it encouraged women, who heavily sympathized with the novel, to openly talk about their misogynistic experiences to wider audiences. In particular, the parody, Park Ji Hyun, born 1972, ignited the spread of the 'Me-too movement' in Korea, and showed that a woman can be a subject, not an object of society.
Although it was a very small opening, it was enough to elicit a variety of reactions from forces who have dominated the existing male-centered society. They attempted to reduce the power of the novel by stigmatizing women who speak out and act on the novel Kim Ji Young, born 1982. Meanwhile, parodies such as Jeong Dae Hyun, born 1979 and Kim Ji Hoon, born 1992 branded the novel as misandry and prompted outbursts of gender conflicts. These neutralized or fiercely criticized counter discourses on misogyny. Their intentions, however, did not work as planned, and they fell into self-contradiction and internal conflict. As a result, Kim Ji Young, born 1982 brought differences and changes that can no longer be restrained in the dominant discourse on Misogyny.
This study has explored the possibility that the novel can draw attention to problems of misogynistic social structure, and it has discussed the resulting change of the discourse topography on misogyny. In conclusion, this study suggests the possibility of disintegration in misogyny and gender inequality ingrained in Korean society.

Keywords : Kim Ji Young, born 1982, Misogyny, Counter discourse,

Gender, Neo-liberalism

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 목 차
• 제1장 문제제기 1
• 1. 김지영 열풍, 김지영 현상 1
• 2. 문학작품의 사회적 의제화 5
• 제2장 이론적 논의 10
• 1. <82년생 김지영> 이전의 여성혐오 담론들 10
• 2. 젠더와 여성혐오 16
• 3. 신자유주의시대 젠더지형 변화와 여성 19
• 제3장 연구문제와 분석틀 24
• 1. 연구문제 24
• 2. 연구방법 및 연구대상 25
• 제4장 <82년생 김지영> 텍스트 분석 28
• 1. 내용분석 28
• 1) 등장인물의 특징 28
• (1) 여성 인물의 특징 28
• ① 평범한 주인공 28
• ② 비자발적 선택과 자아실현의 좌절 29
• (2) 남성 인물의 특징 31
• ① 관계자로서의 남성 31
• 2) 등장인물의 관계 32
• (1) 여성과 남성의 관계 32
• ① 피해자 여성 - 가해자 남성 32
• ② 피해자 여성 - 방관자·공모자 남성 33
• (2) 여성과 여성의 관계 35
• ① 피해자 여성 - 조력자 여성 35
• ② 피해자 여성 - 억압자 여성 36
• (3) 세대별 여성 인물 특성 및 부부관계의 변화 37
• 3) 이야기 구조의 특징 : 통합체의 미결 40
• 2. 표현분석 43
• 1) 소설 안의 화자 : ‘남자’ 정신과 의사의 ‘보고서’ 43
• 2) 소설 밖의 화자 : 조남주 작가의 ‘각주’ 44
• 제5장 텍스트를 넘어서 : 여성혐오 저항담론으로서의 <82년생 김지영> 46
• 1. 여성혐오 저항담론의 대중성 획득 46
• 1) 공감된 이야기로서의 대중성 획득 46
• 2) 정당성 확보를 통한 대중성 획득 48
• 3) 여성혐오(Misogyny) 개념의 대중화 50
• 2. 여성혐오적 젠더 현실에 대한 문제제기 52
• 1) 자기증식적 여성혐오 52
• 2) 타자화된 여성의 가시화 54
• 3) 여성 연대를 통한 극복 55
• 3. 신자유주의와 여성혐오의 유착 56
• 1) 신자유주의적 주체와 젠더 불평등의 비가시화 56
• 2) 신자유주의의 젠더규범과 여성의 위기 58
• 제6장 소설 이후 : 여성혐오 담론의 경합과 공존 62
• 1. <82년생 김지영> 후속 패러디 담론 62
• 1) <82년생 김지영> 지지 담론 62
• (1) <72년생 박지현> 62
• 2) <82년생 김지영> 반대 담론 65
• (1) <92년생 김지훈> 65
• (2) <79년생 정대현> 67
• 2. 김지영 현상을 둘러싼 담론 지형 69
• 1) 여성혐오 저항담론의 부상 69
• (1) 젠더 수행성과 여성혐오 담론의 전복 69
• (2) 여성혐오에 맞선 저항과 연대 72
• 2) 여성혐오 담론의 자기 유지전략과 모순 74
• (1) <82년생 김지영> 소설의 낙인화 74
• (2) 여성혐오적 패러디물의 전략과 모순 75
• 제7장 결론 77
• 참고문헌 82
• ABSTRACT 89