A Study on the Taegeuk mark of Seowon Gate
Roh Sun-Hee
Depart. of Oriental Studies
Graduate School
SeoKyeong University
The purpose of this study is to examine the meaning of each type of Taegeuk mark, and to present the proper use of Taegeuk mark ...
A Study on the Taegeuk mark of Seowon Gate
Roh Sun-Hee
Depart. of Oriental Studies
Graduate School
SeoKyeong University
The purpose of this study is to examine the meaning of each type of Taegeuk mark, and to present the proper use of Taegeuk mark by examining the current state of Taegeuk mark used in the Seowon’s gate.
Taegeuk mark is so important that it is located in the center of the Korean flag. The Taegeuk is inseparable from the Korean people to the extent that it is used as a symbol of the government organization. Taegeuk represents the harmony of yinyang, which disappears after everything is born, grown up, and flourished, and implies the logic of the universe that created the all things in the universe. The extreme operation of yinyang does not argue with each other, it mixes and turns and produces everything. This operation illustrated by the Taegeuk mark.
Taegeuk marks can be divided into Yin-Yang Taegeuk and Samtaeguk by depending on the number of components, and can be divided into left-turn Taegeuk and right-turn Taegeuk by depending on the direction of rotation, Yin-Yang Taegeuk is composed of yin and yang, which connotate the fundamental principle of the creation universe, and Samtaeguk is composed of Heaven, Earth and Humans, which contained the harmonious philosophy of Heaven-Earth-Human. Also, the left-turn Taegeuk has a counterclockwise direction while the right-turn Taegeuk has a clockwise direction. It is desirable to use left-turn Taegeuk in a dynamic positive space, while right-turn Taegeuk in a static negative space.
As a case study of this paper, we investigated and analyzed the types of Taegeuk mark used in Seowon’s gate. We examined Taegeuk marks of outer three gates and inner three gates in 150 out of about 350 Seowons nationwide. The survey of the Taegeuk mark was conducted mainly through the Internet, and the pictures were used to identify the Taegeuk mark of the outer and inner three gates. According to the survey, the ratio of the Yin-Yang Taegeuk is 73% and Samtaeguk is 27% at the outer and inner three gates, it means Yin-Yang Taegeuk which contained the fundamental logic of the creation universe were used more than Samtaeguk which contained the harmonious philosophy of Heaven-Earth-Human.
In addition, left-turn Taegeuk, suitable for dynamic Yang energy space, was used more than right-turn taegeuk, suitable for static Yin energy space. The ratio of left-turn Taegeuk is about 91% and right-turn taegeuk is about 9% in both outer and inner three gates. This means that left-turn Taegeuk were mainly used without considering the meaning of 'left-turn' and 'right-turn'. This can be inferred from the following factors: many of the Seowons were destroyed by the ‘Seowon Abolition Ordinance’ of 1866, damaged and destroyed during the national crisis and then it must have been influenced by the Taegeuk mark of the Taegeukgi during reconstruction since the 1900s.
The meaning varies depending on the type of Taegeuk mark. You may use either Yin-Yang Taegeuk or Samtaeguk at the outer three gates, and it is desirable to use Samtaeguk at the inner three gates of Seowon. In addition, it is recommended that the outer three gates use the left-turn Taegeuk and the inner three gates use the right-turn Taegeuk.
Using the Taegeuk mark properly according to the characteristics of the place and space makes sense and is important in terms of restoring the "traditional meaning". Furthermore, if the Taegeuk mark is used properly in the lives of Koreans today, it is believed to be meaningful in terms of “conventional scalability” in which tradition can permeate into life and develop it in a modern sense.
Keywords: Taegeuk, Yin-Yang Taegeuk, Samtaeguk, left-turn Taegeuk, right-turn Taegeuk, Seowon gate, outer three gate, inner three gate