Histone modification is one of the critical pathway in gene expression regulation. The examples of histone modifications are methylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitination and acetylation. Among the histone modifications, histone demethylation plays a r...
Histone modification is one of the critical pathway in gene expression regulation. The examples of histone modifications are methylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitination and acetylation. Among the histone modifications, histone demethylation plays a role as “eraser” which is associated with diseases by reducing expression of homeostasis-associated genes. Histone lysine demethylase KDM3B (JMJD1B) is histone demethylase for mono- or dimethylated H3K9. Although KDM3B has been studied molecular and biochemical functions in disease, such as cancers and genetic diseases, it has not been fully studied in retina and retinal diseases. Here, I investigated functions of KDM3B in Kdm3b mutant (Kdm3b+/-) mouse retina. The mRNA of Kdm3b gene was expressed in various tissues and it was highly expressed in the retina. To confirm phenotypical changes in Kdm3b+/- mouse retina, number of photoreceptors was counted and its cellular compartment was investigated by using immunohistochemical analysis. The number of photoreceptors in Kdm3b+/- retina were reduced by apoptotic cell death that was induced by decreasing expression of KDM3B. Furthermore, the number of cone photoreceptors and area of cone synapses was decreased in Kdm3b+/- retina. C-terminal binding protein 2 (CtBP2), representing ribbon synapses in the photoreceptors, and area of CtBP2 were reduced in Kdm3b+/- retina. These results revealed that phenotypical alteration and cell death cone photoreceptors were due to the apoptosis. In addition, transcriptome analysis of Kdm3b+/- retina was performed compare to Kdm3b+/+ retina to reveal the changes of mRNA expression at the genome-wide level. RNA-seq data unraveled 585 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Among DEGs, 326 genes were down-regulated, and 259 genes were up-regulated in Kdm3b+/- retina. From the down-regulated 326 genes, synaptogenesis and sustain of synapse homeostasis related genes were highly enriched by the gene ontology (GO) analysis in Kdm3b+/- compare to Kdm3b+/+ retina. The gene expression of synapse-associated genes, such as Kif3a, Rims1, Erc2, Ctbp1 and Ctbp2, was significantly reduced in Kdm3b+/- mouse retina. Taken together, these results suggest that haploinsufficiency of KDM3B expression causes cell death and imbalance of homeostasis in the cone photoreceptors through the down-regulation of synapse related gene expressions.