Avoidance is a means of minimizing unpleasant feelings that arise from the fear of criticism or rejection, triggering individuals to avoid potentially painful events or situations. However, repeated avoidance gives rise to various problems in one’s ...
Avoidance is a means of minimizing unpleasant feelings that arise from the fear of criticism or rejection, triggering individuals to avoid potentially painful events or situations. However, repeated avoidance gives rise to various problems in one’s life. In this light, this study aims to explore psychological problems arising from avoidant behavior and thoughts from the perspective of literary therapeutics and to design and apply a literary therapy method to overcome avoidance. To this end, I built upon the psychological discussions on avoidance and sought to understand avoidance illustrated in Korean classical folktales, after which I implemented the folktale-based literary therapy method in counseling sessions to address the psychological problems of avoidance.
In understanding the psychological problems of avoidance with the focus on the epic, this study proposes to expand the current realm of fundamental epics in literary therapeutics, which is centered on interpersonal relationships, into the three realms of the intimate relationship with self-existence, the interpersonal relationship with intimate others, and the relationship with the world as a public realm. Accordingly, the psychological problems of avoidance can be divided into the three categories of avoidance of self-existence, avoidance of others, and avoidance of the world. The self-epic that corresponds with each of these categories are, in summary, characterized by the belief that “I am inadequate and worthless,” “others will reject me,” and “the world does not recognize my self-worth,” respectively.
It is also the practical objective of this study to diagnose the epic-of-self of clients affected by the psychological problems of avoidance and effect positive changes to it. To this end, this study presents epic-based guidance as a therapy plan. I identified the folktales corresponding to the diagnostic epic (allowing the therapist to diagnose clients’ problems of avoidance), the problematic epic (supporting and strengthening avoidance), and the improvement epic (allowing those affected to overcome avoidance), and categorized the stories by types of avoidance. For epic-based guidance, I used some folktales. I sought to predict the clients’ reaction while analyzing the meaning of each story.
I met two clients for counseling sessions designed to provide a literary therapy. In this process, counseling was accompanied by re-writing, continuing, and creating stories.
Client A is a woman in her early 20s who avoids interpersonal relationships out of the fear that people would detest her. She underwent 24 counseling sessions, where she could create the story of a character who behaves proactively in her relationship with those of the opposite gender as well as that of another character who pursues her dream while coming to terms with the reality. The literary therapy enabled Client A to, inter alia, overcome the fear of interpersonal relationships, accept the reality, perceive her life from a positive standpoint, and improve her writing skills.
Client B is a woman in her mid-20s who avoids social situations such as delivering a presentation out of the fear of being evaluated. She underwent a total of eight counseling sessions, building a story of a character who leverages her communication skills to resolve difficulties in relationships as well as that of another character who embraces herself rather than feeling frustrated even after experiencing a failure. The literary therapy enabled Client B to adjust her idealistic goals into more realistic ones and to perceive herself in an objective manner through the story-writing activities. She also experienced peace of mind by embracing herself and came to understand being evaluated and compared with others.
In summary, this study establishes the academic and therapeutic significance of understanding the psychological problems of avoidance from the perspective of literary therapeutics and putting such understanding into practice. However, this study also entails some limitations as I am a literary researcher but not a counseling expert, the limited number of clients makes it difficult to generalize the findings, and the effects of counseling could not be quantified in an objective manner. These can be improved through future research endeavors. It is also necessary to expand the practical scope of research in literary therapeutics from the psychological problems of avoidance to other psychological abnormalities. I hope that these endeavors would enable literary therapeutics to prove its worth not just as a theory but also in practical therapy settings involving actual clients.