The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship among
Type D personality, health locus of control, resilience and self-care
behavior in patients with heart failure.
The subjects were 90 heart failure patients aged ≥20 years who
visitied t...
The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship among
Type D personality, health locus of control, resilience and self-care
behavior in patients with heart failure.
The subjects were 90 heart failure patients aged ≥20 years who
visitied the cardiology out-patient clinic at the C hospital located in
the Chungbuk area of Korea. The data were collected through surveys from May 29 to August 2, 2017. In this study, Type D
personality was measured using the Type D Personality Scale-14
Korean version(2011) developed by Denollet (2005). Health locus of
control was measured using the Form C of MHLC scale developed by Wallston, Stein and Smith (1994) and modified by Lim (2011).
Resilience was measured using the CDR scale developed by Shin
(2010). Self-care behavior was assessed using the EHFScB scale
developed by Jaarsma (2003) and modified by Son (2010).
The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS for Windows version 23.0
software to perform descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, chi square, and Mann-Whitney test. The correlations among Type D personality, health locus of control, resilience, and self-care behavior were analyzed by Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and the factors affecting self-care behavior were analyzed using stepwise multiple regression. Mediating effect analysis was performed by regression analysis as suggested by Baron and Kenny (1986). The main results of this study are as follows.
1. Of the 90 patients, 49 (54.0%) were classified as Type D
personality, and 41 (46.0%) were classified as Non-Type D
personality. The mean scores of the Type D personality patients
were 19.16±3.27 for negative affectivity, and 19.93±4.09 for
social inhibition. The mean scores of the non-Type D personality
patients were 7.07±3.77 for negative affectivity, and 4.95±2.61
for social inhibition. The mean scores were higher among Type D
personality patients than those among the Non-Type D personality
patients.
2. The mean scores were 23.70±2.30 for internal health locus of
control, 11.24±2.55 for chance health locus of control, 8.58±1.90
for powerful health locus of control, and 13.12±1.45 for doctor
health locus of control. The health locus of control score was the
highest for doctor (4.37±0.48) out of 5 points, followed by
internal (3.95±0.38), powerful (2.86±0.63), and chance
(1.87±0.43).
3. The mean score were 81.88±17.38 for resilience, and 3.28±0.20
out of 5.
4. The mean score were 41.71±12.31 for self-care behavior, and
2.45±0.14 out of 5.
5. In general, the results of the health-related characteristics by
Type D personality, demonstrated statistically significant
differences in past education experience of heart failure (p=.003), duration of illness (p = .036) and NYHA classification(p = .043).
6. The health-related characteristics by internal health locus of
control, showed statistically significant differences in the types of
health insurance (p = .046), past education experience of heart
failure (p = .005) and NYHA classification(p = .021).
For chance health locus of control, statistically significant
differences were seen in the educational level (p = .005), level of
monthly-income (p = .026), past education experience of heart
failure (p = .009) and NYHA classification (p = .018).
The health-related characteristics by powerful health locus of
control, indicated statistically significant differences in past
education experience of heart failure (p = .024) and the number
of concurrent diseases (p = .035). For doctor health locus of
control, statistically significant differences were seen in past
education experience of heart failure (p = .003).
7. In terms of the health-related characteristics by resilience,
statiscally significant differences were seen for educational level
(p = .002), types of health insurance (p = .021), past education
experience of heart failure (p < .001) and NYHA classification
(p = .001).
8. Regarding self-care behavior, statistically significant differences
were seen for job (p = .018), religion (p = .001), types of health
insurance (p = .043) and past education experience of heart
failure (p = .003).
9. Type D patients exhibited statistically significant differences in
terms of internal health locus of control (p = .001), chance health
locus of control (p = .009), doctor health locus of control (p =
.004), resilience (p < .001) and self-care behavior (p < .001).
In other words, they scored higher on chance health locus of
control compared to non-Type D personality patients.
Further non-Type D personality patients scored higher on internal
health locus of control scores, doctor health locus of control,
resilience, and self-care behavior compared to non-Type D personality patients.
10. A statistically significant positive correlation was seen between
self-care behavior and chance health locus of control (r = .340,
p < .01). This suggests that the higher a patient’s chance
health locus of control score, the lower their self-care behavior
score. However, there was a statistically significant negative
correlation between self-care behavior and internal health locus of
control (r = -.483, p < .01), self-care behavior and doctor health
locus of control (r = -.452, p < .01) and self-care behavior and
resilience (r = -.728, p < .01). This suggests that the higher
their internal health locus of control, doctor health locus of
control and resilience, the higher their self-care behavior.
11. According to the results of the stepwise multiple regression analysis, resilience (β = -.744) and religion (β = .151) were found to influence self-care behavior. This indicates that higher resilience and religion had important effects on self-care behavior, which explained 61.5% of the self-care behavior.
12. Resilience had complete mediated effects on the relationship
between Type D personality and self-care behavior.
It was seen that resilience, religion and Type D personality had important effectts on self-care behavior. Furthermore, these results
suggest that resilience, religion and Type D personality should be
deemed essential for patients in order to promote their self-care
behavior when coping with heart failure.