This study demonstrated the awareness and generation of boundary tone depending on emotion and attitude of Korean native speakers and Korean leaners focused on that intonation have the function of the delivery of emotion and attitude.
This study was p...
This study demonstrated the awareness and generation of boundary tone depending on emotion and attitude of Korean native speakers and Korean leaners focused on that intonation have the function of the delivery of emotion and attitude.
This study was progressed as below. In the first chapter the purpose and need of research was proposed, and the second chapter reviewed the literatures in terms of the theoretical backgrounds of korean intonation, which the theory that Ho-young Lee(1996, 1997) suggested was applied to. Based on theoretical backgrounds and literature reviews Research question 1 and 2 were determined. In the third chapter the methods were illustrated in details, the findings of results were yielded in the fourth chapter. The conclusion of research was suggested in the fifth chapter.
Research question 1 was to examine whether there was any difference between Korean native speakers and Korean leaners recognizing the emotion and attitude according to boundary tone. The instrument of research was developed and applied to the experiment on awarness for research question 1. The emotion and attitude who were used in the research were `businesslike, hostile', `kind, close',`cross', and `surprised, doubtful' and the types of sentence and attitude who were used in the research were declarative sentence, interrogative sentence, yes-no interrogative sentence, asking-back interrogative sentence, imperative sentence, and suggesting sentence.
Research question 2 was to examine whether there was any difference between Korean native speakers and Korean leaners realizing the boundary tone according to emotion and attitude. For research question 2, the instrument of research that designated the situation the where specific emotion and attitude can be expressed was developed and applied to the experiment of generation. The emotion and attitude who were used in the research were `businesslike, hostile', `kind, close',`cross', and `surprised, doubtful' and the types of sentence and attitude who were used in the research were declarative sentence, interrogative sentence, yes-no interrogative sentence, asking-back interrogative sentence, imperative sentence, and suggesting sentence. The data that were generated were recorded, and on the data the pattern of intonation was analyzed with Praat.
The subjects in the study consisted of twenty women of Korean native speakers used standard (seoul) language and Chinese Korean leaners who had the level 4, 5, and 6 of TOPIK. The average period of learning korean of Chinese Korean leaners was 3 years and 2 months, and the average period of residence in korea was 1 year and 4 months. It was expected that they had the better understandings of the intonation of korean because they experienced a segmental sounds and were exposed to korean very often.
The findings of results of awareness experiement showed as below. First, in Korean native speakers total correct rate was 87.65%, whereas in Chinese Korean leaners was 58.30%, and the difference between both groups was identified. Second, in Korean native speakers correct rates of emotion and attitude were suggested in order of `businesslike, hostile'> `surprised, doubtful' >`kind, close'>`cross'. Third, there was some difference between Korean native speakers and Chinese Korean leaners on correct rate of emotion and attitude depending on the type of sentence in all items. The correct rate of emotion of Chinese Korean leaners has lower level than Korean native speakers, especially, indicated either the half level of Korean native speakers or less than the half level very frequently.
The findings of results of generation experiement showed as below. First, Chinese Korean leaners did not generate the various and diverse boundary tones. Chinese Korean leaners primarily generated a lot of Low Level, Mid Level, and High Level. Second, Chinese Korean leaners did not favor the inflective boundary tones. The generation of Chinese Korean leaners was particularly affected by types of sentence.
Irrespective of specific emotion and attitude, the declarative sentence, the imperative sentence, and the suggesting sentence were realized as Low Level, whereas the interrogative sentence, the yes-no interrogative sentence, and the asking-back interrogative sentence were realized as High Level.
Cnclusively, the findings of both experiments of awareness and generation proposed that although Chinese Korean leaners had intermediate level of korean, they were very different from Korean native speakers in terms of the pattern of awareness and generation of boundary tone.