밥과 장미를 위한 투쟁 : 비정규직 청소노동자의 노동에 대한 수용과 저항 = The Struggle for Rice and Roses: Outsourced Janitorial Worker's Acceptance and Resistance on Labor

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In 2015 non-regular workers numbered 8.5million, accounting for half of wage workers. The problem is that not only has the number of non-regular jobs increased quantitatively, the quality of those jobs continues to decrease. However contrary to such a reality the union density of non-regular workers is an extremely low 3%. The studies that deal with the labor and resistance of existing non-regular workers claim that the political and economic conditions of non-regular jobs make it difficult for them to make a stand.
Despite such limitations outsourced janitorial workers in universities formed union in the late 2000s and began ‘the Struggle for Rice and Roses’. Despite being the most marginalized janitorial workers got into the struggle. However they began their struggle after ten years becoming indirectly employed non-regular workers. Then what made these people put down their brooms and go into the street to protest? Also what made them continue to work and endure the poor labor conditions for the past 10 years?
This study examines the sociocultural factors along with the political and economic conditions in which acceptance and resistance occur toward labor based on the examples of outsourced janitorial workers in universities. In particular it focuses on the vivid work experiences and awareness of outsourced janitorial workers based on an anthropological viewpoint.
Universities A and B in region Z are both under the identical foundation. Universities A and B began outsourcing their cleaning, security and facility tasks to outside businesses since 1999. In 1999 an outsourcing business called Bright World was entrusted with the cleaning and in 2000 a company called Utopia. At this time the labor conditions began to rapidly deteriorate and Utopia exploited workers. Even though janitorial workers have been indirectly employed non-regular workers since 1999 they form union and begin struggle in 2011.
When janitorial workers spoke their experience under Utopia they portray their past lives as a ghost and odd-job worker. Their ghost-like lives manifested not only in social relationships with other people but by their poor labor conditions. Furthermore they had to take care of all types of work in the school as odd-job workers and even had to do the work at the Utopia Shops.
Janitorial workers who were mostly married women chose this job with the expectation that they would be able to both hold the job and do housework. Because the cleaning in universities took time out during public holidays and weekends and was compatible to the schedule of children. Also janitorial workers continued their work while endowing positive meaning to the work they did in order to overcome the social stigma of the occupation of cleaning. Although the labor conditions were poor this school the only job they could find because they were marginalized in the labor market.
However as their work continued the fantasies they had for the work began to crumble. Contrary to the expectation of holding the job and doing housework, labor hours increased so that they became ghosts no only at the job but at the home as well. Moreover they are clearly realized that they were ghosts as well as odd-job workers. Ultimately they began struggle to exist as workers as well as mothers not ghosts or odd-job workers.
The four years struggle improved the physical labor conditions and changed their everyday lives. They began to recognize themselves as non-regular workers and working class. However the organization and struggle of the union did not only have a positive effect on the janitorial worker group. Recently janitorial workers group divided into 3 small group according to union membership, strike participation, and attitude toward the union.
This study was able to vividly understand the context in which acceptance and resistance on labor was occurring. In particular the present study does not simply stop at revealing the factors for the acceptance and resistance on labor but attempts portray the dynamic process whereby the acceptance and resistance on labor continues to get recreated. And this study shows not only making of class but also recreating of class. Class and class consciousness are change according to situation. Such discussions have various implications from the current standpoint which claims the regression of class and class consciousness.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 제1장 서론
• 1. 연구배경 및 목적
• 2. 선행연구 검토 및 이론적 배경
• 1) 계급 및 계급 형성에 관한 논의
• 2) 여성 비정규직 노동자의 노동과 저항
• 3. 연구대상 및 방법
• 제2장 신자유주의와 청소노동
• 1. 비정규직 양산의 정치경제학
• 2. 노동시장의 구조적 특성과 여성 비정규직 청소노동자
• 제3장 A·B대학 간접고용 청소노동자의 노동경험
• 1. 직접고용에서 간접고용 비정규직으로의 변화와 노동조건
• 2. 간접고용 청소노동자의 노동에 대한 경험과 인식
• 1) 유령들의 노동
• 2) 청소부가 아닌 '잡부'
• 제4장 거리로 나선 청소노동자
• 1. 밥과 장미를 위한 투쟁
• 1) 간접고용 청소노동자의 저항
• 2) A·B대학 청소노동자의 저항
• 2. 노동에 대한 동의와 저항
• 1) 노동에 대한 동의를 만들어내는 경험과 인식
• 2) 저항을 불러일으키는 경험과 인식
• 제5장 투쟁 이후 청소노동자의 노동과 일상의 변화
• 1. 노동조건과 일상의 변화
• 2. 청소노동자 정치의식의 변화와 노동자 집단의 분화
• 제6장 결론
• 참고문헌