This study investigates the relationship between learner variables and foreign language anxiety among Korean high school students. The study aims to enable learners and instructors to recognize anxiety factors that hinder language acquisition and to i...
This study investigates the relationship between learner variables and foreign language anxiety among Korean high school students. The study aims to enable learners and instructors to recognize anxiety factors that hinder language acquisition and to identify strategies appropriate to reducing such anxiety. To achieve these objectives, the Foreign Language Class Anxiety Scale (FLCAS) and Foreign Language Reading Anxiety Scale (FLRAS) were administered to 302 high school students studying English. The research is designed to study the effects of learner variables upon foreign language class anxiety and foreign language reading anxiety, and to define how learner variables and anxiety affect language achievement. The findings of this study are as follows.
Firstly, high school English learners demonstrated high anxiety levels in text anxiety and speaking anxiety. This may be interpreted as lack of self-confidence in response to constant evaluation in language classrooms.
Secondly, although levels of anxiety did not significantly differ according to school year, students in their final year demonstrated slightly higher levels of English classroom anxiety compared to lower grades. Students in their final year, however, demonstrated lower levels of English reading anxiety. Test anxiety ranked high among all school years, with that of female and introverted students being higher than that of male and extroverted students.
Thirdly, while low proficiency students displayed higher levels of anxiety than high proficiency students, test anxiety remained high for all students regardless of proficiency level. Intermediate students showed high levels of anxiety when tasked with comprehending English texts.
Fourthly, concerning the effect of learner variables and language anxiety on language achievement, male students’ achievement was boosted by a drop in anxiety levels from medium to low, while achievement of female students rose significantly with only a drop from high to medium levels of anxiety. Extroverted students showed an improvement in achievement when foreign language reading anxiety fell from medium to low, while the same decrease in foreign language reading anxiety actually contributed to a decline in achievement for introverted students. The examination of this tendency requires further study.
Based on these results, the following pedagogical proposals are discussed as a means of reducing English language anxiety. Firstly, low proficiency students demonstrating anxiety about classroom preparation and attitude may be required to prepare related vocabulary and background knowledge to reduce anxiety. Secondly, intermediate students demonstrating anxiety about comprehending English text may be directed towards practicing inductive strategy to figure out meaning within the text based on their background knowledge. Thirdly, for high proficiency students with high test anxiety, discussions with instructors may help to build positive motivation on studying and to form strategies to reduce negative factors. Lastly, while most students do not prefer reading activities, instructors may introduce to students that reading activities for pleasure do exist as well as reading for academic reasons.
Key words: Foreign Language Class Anxiety, Foreign Language Reading Anxiety, Student Variables, Language Achievement