The present thesis will explore how Korean learners of English use the preposition of in their writing. The main function of prepositions is considered to be serving as a relational indicator to a noun, denoting a relation of mainly space and time. Pr...
The present thesis will explore how Korean learners of English use the preposition of in their writing. The main function of prepositions is considered to be serving as a relational indicator to a noun, denoting a relation of mainly space and time. Prior researchers have discovered that the prepositions of, to, and in belong to the ten most frequent words in English. Additionally, they have analyzed how nonnative speakers of English use prepositions, particularly spatial or temporal ones such as at, on, and in.
However, the preposition of has rarely been a focal subject of investigation. Moreover, corpus analysis on its usage by Korean learners of English has not been investigated. Hence, the present thesis analyzes what functions of of are utilized in written essays for a placement test by 416 Korean learners of English using corpus-based analysis in the frame of Lindstromberg’s (2010) detailed analysis of of. Inspired by Lindstromberg’s (2010), the present paper’s categorization of the preposition of is: 1) integrative, 2) separative, 3) idiomatic, and 4) miscellaneous, along with sub-division of the integrative into linking, -agent/patient, and partitive and quantifier.
The results show that among 1,250 tokens of of, the integrative of accounts the most (80.24%, 1,003 tokens), consisting of linking of (58.92%), partitive and quantifier of (38.48%, 386 tokens), and action-agent/patient of (2.59%, 26 tokens). The three frequent words following linking of were image, number, and size, probably a result of the writing prompt given on the placement test because prompts may affect the choice of words in writing. Additionally, the linking of was primarily used in simple constructions such as “adjective + noun + of + adjective + noun” (77.95%, 99 tokens). However, complex constructions such as “adjective + noun + of + adjective + noun + relative clause,” “adjective + noun + of + adjective + noun + prepositional phrase” take up 22.05% (28 tokens). The limited, rather simple constructional usage of of shows the need for classroom instruction, regarding these more complex structures.
In addition, the small number of separative and idiomatic of seems to be from a limited selection of adjectives and verbs that have the basic meaning of separative such as tired of, proud of, and take care of. Moreover, the students’ use of rid of and inform of might be from a collocational knowledge or instruction rather than knowing their collocational meaning (Mueller, 2011). However, more advanced phrases such as accuse of and deprive of were not found. Thus the use of advanced words with of should be instructed.
Additionally, there should be an instruction for nominalization, action-agent/patient because of the prevalence of informationally dense phrases in academic written register, phrases that rely on constructions using more complex uses of of. However, the data showed the deficiency of the action-agent/patient of, especially in the subject part of the sentence, thus having to be noted for writing teachers in college.
In addition, partitive and quantifier of indicating quantity or quality takes up almost 40 % of the use of of. The six most frequent words used were lot, one, lots, all, some, and kinds. These words accounts for almost of the function of partitive and quantifiers indicating the student do not use varieties of partitive and quantifiers of.
Lastly, of errors consist of addition (66.67 %, 30 tokens), wrong preposition (22.22 %, 10 tokens), misordering (6.67 %, 3 tokens), and others (4.44%, 2 tokens). The analysis shows that among the addition errors, the most frequent errors were ‘most of’ and ‘many of,’ probably due to their unawareness or confusion between ‘most of/many of’ and ‘most/many.’ Among wrong preposition errors, prepositions such as for, to, in, and by were used. The relevant examples were famous *of/for, thankful *of/to, excellent people *of/in, and caused *of/by. Lastly, misordering errors includes examples such as creation of student and estimation of school.