There must be a consideration in elementary school education with regard to what kind of music scores should be used for Korean music education. In the textbook, staff notation, junggnabo, and pictorial music score are used. Music notation should be ...
There must be a consideration in elementary school education with regard to what kind of music scores should be used for Korean music education. In the textbook, staff notation, junggnabo, and pictorial music score are used. Music notation should be chosen according to the educational purpose and the contents, and in elementary school, the efficiency of more simplified pictorial musical scores is greatly appreciated.
From 2014, 3rd and 4th grade music textbook of 2009 Revised National Curriculum are brought into use. As a result of efforts to bridge the gap between the presentation of western music materials and Korean music materials, many pictorial musical scores of Korean music are developed. This research aims to present improvement measurements for using pictorial musical scores in Korean music that fits the purpose of elementary school education by analyzing the application status of pictorial musical scores in the western music and Korean music in the 3rd and 4th grade music textbook of 2009 Revised National Curriculum, categorizing their types, and finally examining the issues with using pictorial musical score in Korean music.
To this end, contents related to pictorial musical score in the 2009 Revised National Curriculum are analyzed and their value, usefulness, and the existing research are examined. In addition, the presentation of Korean music and the status of pictorial musical scores of Korean music in the 3rd and 4th grade music textbook of 2009 Revised National Curriculum are examined and categorized into different types such as singing, instrumental music, musical appreciation, and musical creation in order to suggest improvement measurements.
Firstly, the examination on the Korean music presentation and Korean music pictorial musical scores of the 3rd and 4th grade music textbook of 2009 Revised National Curriculum yielded the following results. For the presentation of Korean music, Jihaksa was the most frequent(41.7%) which was followed by Bisang Education and Cheonjae Munhwa(33.3%), Doosan Donga(30.9%), Eumakgaw Sanghwal(27.1%), and Miraen(20.7%). For the presentation of Korean music pictorial music score, Jihaksa was the most frequent(72.7%), followed by Bisang Education(45.0%), Doosan Donga(41.4%), Cheonjae Munwha(25.0%), and finally Miraen(23.1%).
In most textbooks, the use of pictorial musical scores for Korean music were relatively less frequent and the types of pictorial musical scores were less diversified compared to those of the western music. In order to fix this problem, there must be efforts to keep balance with the western music and to develop diversified Korean music pictorial scores.
Secondly, among the types of pictorial musical scores, singing was examined by melodic lines, ad-lips, catfish and receive voice, iljungbakchigi, and extra activities. In melodic lines instruction which uses terraced lines in empty spaces, care must be taken because it becomes less detailed than staff notation when there are more than four notes, Naming the pitch of notes will help.
In ad-lip instruction, jungganbo can be drawn in two lines with one line for regular beat while the other line shows the clap of ad-lips to help understand the notion of beat as well as ad-lips. For catfish and receive voice, receive voice can be shaded and the beat must be snapped after two bars to help understand the sound. For iljungbakchigi, se of rhythm cannot be understood, but before learning se of rhythm, students can understand the se of a song by an activity that does iljungbakchigi.
Thirdly, the pictorial musical scores for instrumental music can be categorized into sogo play, yutgarak play; and traditional instruments. For the pictorial musical scores for sogo, drawing the position of chae will help understand the rhythm and se of the rhythm. For the pictorial musical scores for yutgarak, small beat should be marked in bold in jungganbo to help understand the notion of beat.
Fourthly, in the section of musical appreciation, only 'Daechuita' and 'Taryoung of Gwanakyoungsanghoisang' which is imperial dance accompaniment are drawn in pictorial musical scores. In 'Daechuita' it will be a great pictorial musical score for Daechuita if the length of notes of instruments are drawn to the size of the instrument and the final chant of Deacon are drawn in pictorial musical scores, adding to the format where Nagak and Nabal exchanges notes.
In 'Taryoung of Gwanakyoungsanghoisang', it is better to graph the length and the pitch of notes like the case of the western music rather than drawing on staff notation, and draw a picture of a person dancing Hyangbalmu to help feel better the rhythm and hanbae at the same time to understand Chosun imperial dance 'Hyangbalmu'.
Fifthly, in musical creation, there are many attempts in the western music while in Korean music, pictorial musical scores are yet to be systematized. Presenting students with modified jungganbo, having them to draw different instruments and sounds of objects on their own, and having them play the instruments together may help them go beyond creation and enjoy the effects of ensemble.
This study examined thee pictorial musical scores for Korean music in the 3rd and 4th grade music textbook of 2009 Revised National Curriculum and suggested improvement measurements. In the western music, pictorial musical scores are widely presented in singing, playing instruments, musical appreciation, and musical creation while in Korean music, there are not many types of pictorial musical scores and they are not well-systematized. More efforts should be made to develop systematized pictorial musical scores for Korean music in the music text book of the following revised national curriculum to ensure the efficiency of Korean music education.