베이비붐 세대와 에코 세대의 가계자산구조 및 재무건전성 비교분석

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

At the center of issues related to recent changes in the population structure and the following socioeconomic ripple effect, there lies the baby-boom generation and their child generation, the echo generation. The total sum of these two generations are huge, taking over one third of the whole population of South Korea. And they are rising up to become the center of attention, due to both generation’s turning point in life; their entrance to and exit from the society.
Currently, the baby-boom generation are encountering their retirement phase, and although they are supposed to prepare themselves for their later years, they are neglecting their plans for the future. The echo generations tend to enjoy and spend their present asset rather than saving for the future. Therefore, the need to examine these two generation’s household financial structure is raised. This is especially important since the baby-boom generation and echo generation are forming the central axis of this society, and if their household asset structure and financial stability is not favorable, it may lead to insolvency of financial institutions as well as their own households, and furthermore, hinder the nation’s economic growth. Therefore, this research attempts to prepare an appropriate countermeasure by figuring out the problems of financial stability of the two generations and examining the current household asset structure of them. This attempt was made to suggest the direction of providing a baseline data for stable solution of economic problems posed upon these two generations, who will coexist for a considerable period of time.
This research used National Statistical Office’s raw data of household financeㆍwelfare research “financial part” of 2013, and extracted 1,998 households of baby-boom generation and 1,098 households of echo generation as the subject for analysis. The method of analysis was descriptive statistics analysis, χ2-test, t-test, One-way ANOVA, Duncan's multiple range test, binary logit regression analysis, and the results of the analysis are as follows.
First, as a result of comparing characteristics of sociology of population, meaningful difference has been found depending on education level, marital status, number of members of households, residency status, work status, and occupation, except for the gender. Especially, the rate of high-educated persons of echo generation was remarkably higher compared to the baby-boom generation, and in the case of residency status, a higher rate of house owners for baby-boom generation and the higher rate of lease holders for echo generation were found. For occupational cluster distribution, more blue-collars for baby-boom generation and more white-collars for echo generation were found, showing different characteristics for sociology of population between the two generation.
Second, as a result of comparing gross household asset structure of the baby-boom generation and echo generation, a meaningful difference was found on the component ratio for asset and liability structure of the two generations. For the asset structure, a higher rate of actual assets for baby-boom generation and the higher rate of financial assets for echo generation were found, and for the liability structure, both generations had more financial debt than security deposit. In the component ratio of household financial asset structure, meaningful difference between the two generations was found in the remaining six(6) financial asset items excluding installment savings and fund, and meaningful difference between the two generations was found in all actual assets in component ration for household actual asset structures.
Third, as a result from analyzing household financial stability according to the financial ratio, based on gross liability burden index, long-term household financial status of the two generations were not considered to be sound because neither the baby-boom generation nor the echo generation satisfied the conformity standard for financial ratio. When considered based on the financial asset weight index, it was shown that whereas baby-boom generation did not satisfy the conformity standard for financial ratio, echo generation did satisfy the conformity standard. Accordingly, liquidity side for echo generation is favorable, while the same for baby-boom generation does not.
Fourth, when analyzed factors that affect whether each generation satisfies conformity standard for gross liability burden index and financial asset weight index, the possibility to satisfy the conformity standard showed higher, for baby-boom generation, when the number of household was over five(5), the leasehold was monthly type or etc., and when they are specialist or related workers. On the other hand, the possibility to satisfy conformity standard was lowered for echo generation when they are single householders. Based on financial asset weigh index, both the baby-boom generation and echo generation had higher possibility to satisfy conformity standard when the leasehold type was key money deposit, monthly rent, or etc. Moreover, it was found that the possibility to satisfy conformity standard of financial asset weigh index becomes lower, for baby-boom generation when their work status is individual proprietor or unpaid family worker, and for echo generation when their occupation is equipment and machine operator or assembler.
This research result is expected not only to provide alternatives and information to effectively cope with social problems, such as degeneration of individual credit soundness and unstable household financial status, but also to be used as a baseline data for decision of direction for future household’s finance and welfare policy.

Key words : Baby-boom Generation, Echo Generation, household asset structure, household financial asset, household actual asset, financial ratio, financial stability.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서 론 1
• 1. 연구의 필요성 1
• 2. 연구의 목적 4
• Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 및 선행연구 고찰 6
• 1. 베이비붐 세대와 에코 세대의 정의와 사회경제적 특성 및 관련 선행연구 6
• 1) 베이비붐 세대
• (1) 베이비붐 세대의 정의 6
• (2) 베이비붐 세대의 사회경제적 특성 8
• 2) 에코 세대 11
• (1) 에코 세대의 정의 11
• (2) 에코 세대의 사회경제적 특성 14
• 3) 베이비붐 세대와 에코 세대의 사회경제적 특성 관련 선행연구 고찰 18
• (1) 베이비붐 세대 18
• (2) 에코 세대 20
• (3) 베이비붐 세대와 에코 세대 비교 연구 21
• 2. 가계자산구조 및 관련 선행연구 24
• 1) 가계자산구조의 개념 및 구성요인 24
• 2) 가계자산구조 관련 선행연구 고찰 28
• (1) 인구사회학적 특성과 가계자산구조의 관련성 28
• (2) 가족생애주기와 가계자산구조의 관련성 31
• 3. 가계재무건전성과 재무비율 및 관련 선행연구 35
• 1) 가계재무건전성의 평가지표와 재무비율의 유용성 35
• 2) 재무비율의 종류와 준거기준 관련 선행연구 고찰 37
• 3) 가계재무건전성의 평가지표 선정 41
• (1) 총부채부담지표 42
• (2) 금융자산비중지표 43
• Ⅲ. 연구문제 및 연구방법 44
• 1. 연구문제 44
• 2. 자료 및 분석대상 45
• 3. 변수의 정의 및 측정 방법 46
• 4. 분석방법 49
• Ⅳ. 연구결과 및 논의 50
• 1. 베이비붐 세대와 에코 세대의 인구사회학적 특성 50
• 2. 베이비붐 세대와 에코 세대의 가계자산구조 구성비의 특성 55
• 1) 가계자산구조의 구성비 55
• 2) 인구사회학적 특성에 따른 가계자산구조의 구성비 62
• (1) 베이비붐 세대의 인구사회학적 특성에 따른 가계금융자산구조 63
• (2) 베이비붐 세대의 인구사회학적 특성에 따른 가계실물자산구조 75
• (3) 에코 세대의 인구사회학적 특성에 따른 가계금융자산구조 85
• (4) 에코 세대의 인구사회학적 특성에 따른 가계실물자산구조 95
• (5) 베이비붐 세대와 에코 세대의 인구사회학적 특성에 따른 가계자산구조의 구성비 비교분석 102
• 3. 베이비붐 세대와 에코 세대의 재무비율에 따른 가계재무건전성 108
• 1) 총부채부담지표와 금융자산비중지표에 따른 가계재무건전성과 준거기준 충족여부 109
• 2) 가계재무비율 준거기준 충족여부에 영향을 미치는 요인 111
• (1) 총부채부담지표 준거기준의 충족여부에 관한 영향요인 비교분석 112
• (2) 금융자산비중지표 준거기준의 충족여부에 관한 영향요인 비교분석 114
• Ⅴ. 결론 및 제언 118
• 부록 129
• 참고문헌 143