Discussion about green consumption has long been continued. A majority of consumers are aware of the seriousness of environmental problems and companies are taking the initiatives in environment-friendly projects for sustainable business. Many consume...
Discussion about green consumption has long been continued. A majority of consumers are aware of the seriousness of environmental problems and companies are taking the initiatives in environment-friendly projects for sustainable business. Many consumers think and say that eco-friendly products are necessary, however, the number of consumers who actually pass from thought to action is minuscule. Therefore this study was began with the aim of proving that consumers’ values are of factors for green consumption. Also, this study intended to set environmental attitude and environmental involvement as control factors to explain green consumption.
To deeply address the consumers’ psychological factor, this study conducted Focus Group Interview and Depth Interview, and based on these interviews and literature reviews, a theory was developed. To prove the theory, a survey was conducted among female adults, mostly businesswomen and housewives, who are older than 18 years old of age and currently residing in Seoul, Incheon, and Kyunggi province. A total of 200 survey questionnaires were used in the analysis and SPSS 18.0 was used for statistical analysis.
The results of the study are as follows:
First, as a result of qualitative analysis to find factors that influence green consumption, consumers’ psychological factors (interests in security and health, consumer effectiveness, self-monitoring, self-conception and values—independent self-tendency and mutual self-tendency), sociocultural factors (eco-friendly culture and trends, and media influence), and product-related factors (willingness to pay premium price, excellence of green product design, and product effectiveness) were found.
Second, as a result of conducting quantitative analysis based on the results of qualitative analysis, it was found that the consumers’ psychological factors, especially their interests in security and health, have meaningful influence on their green consumption. This shows that the bigger the consumers’ interests in safety and health, the more they engage themselves in green consumption.
Third, among the sociocultural factors, green culture and trends positively affect the green consumption. In other words, consumers think that the social environment that motivates green consumption and the increasing trends of green consumption affect their green purchasing activity.
Fourth, among the product-related factors, it was shown that consumers’ willingness to pay premium price and product effectiveness positively impact the green consumption. Consumers are willing to pay for green products even though they are more expensive than general products, and when purchasing green products, they care more about environmentally friendly character than their price. Also, they think highly of the green products’ positive effects on environment and thus take a close look at product information when purchasing.
Fifth, when independent variables and interactive terms of environmental attitude were inserted in order to see the moderating effects of environmental attitude, the attitude was shown to play no role as a moderating variable. This might be because the environmental attitude is too broad and general, and thus the consumers feel less directly related to green products. Also, because anybody could think that current environment problem is serious and that they need to protect the environment, the attitude’s role as a moderating variable was not drawn.
Sixth, when independent variables and interactive terms of environmental involvement were inserted to examine the moderating effect of environmental involvement, independent self-tendency and media’s effect were shown to have positive (+) effects on green consumption, whereas awareness of consumer effectiveness, eco-friendly culture and trends were shown to have negative (-) effects. On closer inspection, both high environmental involvement group and low environmental involvement group had positive relationship between independent self-tendency and green consumption, but high environmental involvement group showed higher green consumption than low environmental involvement group did. In case of awareness of consumer effectiveness, high environmental involvement group showed higher green consumption than the low environmental involvement group did, however, the relationship between the awareness of consumer effectiveness and green consumption was shown to be opposite in both groups.
In other words, low environmental involvement group displays growth of green consumption as the awareness of consumer effectiveness increases, whereas high environmental involvement group shows a decrease in green consumption when the awareness of consumer increases. In case of eco-friendly culture and trends, when the level of eco-friendly culture and trends was low, high environmental involvement group showed higher green consumption than did low environmental involvement group. When the level of eco-friendly culture and trends was high, low environmental involvement group showed higher green consumption than did high environmental involvement group. Lastly, in case of media influence, high environmental involvement group showed higher green consumption than did low environmental involvement group, but the relationship between media influence and green consumption in both groups turned out to be opposite. In short, the bigger the media influence, the higher the green consumption in low environmental involvement group, but the bigger the media influence is, the lower the green consumption in high environmental involvement group.
This study has following significances.
First, in order to conduct a systematic and integrated exploration of green consumption which has lacked enough research so far, this study has examined how consumers’ personal values, sociocultural values, and green product related values affect green consumption through qualitative and quantitative analyses, and by having environmental attitude and involvement as moderating variables. As a result, this study was able to establish theoretical and integrated shape of green consumption and its related concepts, and provide a cornerstone for further research on green consumption.
Second, the research proposed consumers’ personal values, sociocultural values, and green product related values as decisive factors of green consumption, and this suggests that marketers at companies need to consider not only sociocultural and green product related values, but also consumers’ personal values when trying to stimulate green consumption. This study will enable further understanding of green consumption in the future and provide theoretical background and useful advice on production of green products and development of marketing strategies.