This study aims at developing Early Childhood education institutes Principal's Self-efficacy Scale to help to conduct Early Childhood education Principal's. For this, the goal is to provide them sources to figure out accurately and improve efficacy ...
This study aims at developing Early Childhood education institutes Principal's Self-efficacy Scale to help to conduct Early Childhood education Principal's. For this, the goal is to provide them sources to figure out accurately and improve efficacy when they conduct their job. In order to achieve this goal, the study includes the following research contents.
1. To develop Early Childhood Education Institutes Principal's Self-efficacy Scale.
1) To extract content factors of Early Childhood Education Institutes Principal's Self-efficacy Scale.
2) To know distribution of item responses of Education Institutes Principal's Self-efficacy Scale.
3) To know distribution of item discrimination of Education Institutes Principal's Self-efficacy Scale.
2. To validate Early Childhood Education Institutes Principal's Self-efficacy Scale.
1) To know reliability of Education Institutes Principal's Self-efficacy Scale.
2) To know validity of Education Institutes Principal's Self-efficacy Scale.
To conduct the research with such contents, the following process was done. Firstly, through analysis of common question by field in the previous studies on theories of self-efficacy, principalship, and principal's job and contents, review on the domestic and overseas principal's self-efficacy index and analysis on job area and questions, the primary sample of principal's self-efficacy was made. In order to verify appropriateness of contents of fields and questions of the primary sample(88 questions) of Early Childhood education institutes Principal's self-efficacy index and to measure if it has significant meaning for principal's self-efficacy index, 40 professionals participated in evaluation with 5 Likert scales and description of other opinion, if necessary. As a result, among total 88 questions, 3 questions with lower CVR than minimum(36, 57 and 88) were deleted, and some questions were also modified according to the experts' opinions. Then this modified secondary sample of Early Childhood education institutes Principal's index were used for Primary inspection on 100 principals of Early Childhood education institutes. To verify quality factor of questions, distributions of item responses and item discrimination were reviewed. As a result, 9 questions with skewness of more than 1 were deleted. Average, standard deviation, kurtosis and discrimination seemed to be favorable.
Through these processes, tertiary sample's quality factor was tested by main research on 230 principals of Early Childhood education institutes. As a result of exploratory factor analysis, first, absolute value of factor loading was less than .30, second, absolute value of factor loading was less than .30 in more than 2 factors, and third, there were more questions which belonged to factors for matching items per factor, in all three cases, items were removed in order of lowest absolute value of factor loading(Seong Tae Je, 1998), resulting of deletion of 17 questions. Finally, internal consistency(Cronbach’s α) on fields and the whole index of the final determined Early Childhood education institutes Principal's self-efficacy index(59 questions) was .98 while in case of split-half reliability(Cronbach’s α), as a result of reliability analysis of both of the first and second halves, Cronbach’s α was more than .90. when using odd-even split-half method for reliability analysis, Cronbach’s α of odd-reliability and even-reliability were .89 and .90, respectively. As a result, variables used in the study has inner consistency among items. As a result of confirmatory factor model fit analysis, among fits, with χ²(chi-square test)=(3346.40), df.(degree of freedom)=(1624), p value(0.000), Q(CMIN/DF)=(2.06), RMSEA=(0.07), fit index is higher with RMSEA with less than 0.08(Steiger, 1990). To verify concurrent validity of principal's self-efficacy index, verification of validity by correlation analysis with NPSE were conducted on 100 principals. Correlation between Early Childhood education institutes principal's self-efficacy index, the entire index and sub-elements ranged in .64-.84 and each variable had comparatively higher correlations.
In this study, Early Childhood education institutes principal's self-efficacy index is to evaluate belief on principal's ability by oneself in conducting principalship, and it will be basic source for development and changes of Early Childhood educations with providing chance of self-reflective thoughts when using it as principal's self-evaluation sources.