감사일기 프로그램이 안녕감과 감사성향에 미치는 영향 = The Effect of the Gratitude Diary Program on Psychological Well Being and Gratitude

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Genuine happiness is realized by perceiving and developing personal strengths and by making of use of those strengths in real life situations. Many sociologists and especially psychologists have started investigating personal happiness by measuring the way a person judges their life and also how satisfied they are with life.
Such subjective investigations on the quality of life were approached from two standpoints; from the pleasure standpoint and the happiness-theory standpoint. From the pleasure standpoint life quality is based on how much of an individuals pleasure, broadly ranging from subjective pleasures like phyiscal pleasure to desire and self-joy, is satisfied.
What is the happiness level of adolescents in our country? Espescially, teenage middle schoolers tend to have a low happiness level due to heavy stress from burdening schoolwork, college applications, and various environmental, psychological factors. Also, recent studies have shown that in Korea, middle schoolers have lower happiness indexes than do elementary schoolers, and in the case of elementary schoolers happiness levels progressively decreased over 2nd, 4th, and 6th grade. High school students(16~28) were shown to have the lowest quality of life, followed by middle schoolers, among young adults of ages between 13~24. With childhood and adolescense being periods of high stress, there is much debate based on experimental results that such stress is related to academic slumps and depression, anxiety, trouble adapting to school life, aggressiveness, and problematic behavior. Instead of focusing on removing negative emotions like depression, there is a dire need to realize that focusing on facilitating positive emotions like happiness level will bring better results. There is a need for habituating continuing efforts for self-improvement and finding meaning and purpose rather than comparing oneself with others to confirm happiness.
This study aims to verify the effects of the Gratitude-Diary Program on middle school students' psychological well-being and gratitude levels under the speculation that the program possesses the factors that influence psycological well-being and gratitude. To verify such effects, 6 classes from the 3rd grade of K-Middle School of Geyonggi-do SiHeung-si were chosen for preliminary inspection of psychological well-being and gratitude. After preliminary inspections 3 classes were set up for experimentation, and the remaining 3 classes of the same quality were set as the control. Next, the Korean Gratitude Index and Subjective Psychological Well-Being Index were used as standards for measurement.
According to the results of the experiment, the experimental group that participated in the Gratitude-Diary Program had an average gratitude Gratitude Index of 4.96 before and 5.52 after the program. There was a 0.558 rise after the program. With a significance level of 0.1%, these results are statisically significant. It was found that the average Gratitude Index of the group as a whole had increased and was also higher than that of the constant group after the program. Also, the Subjective Psychological Well-Being Index of the experimental group increased from 5.15 to 5.15 after the program. There was an approximate rise of 0.108. As a result the average Subjective Psychological-Well Being Index had risen after the execution of the program. The Subjective Psychological-Well Being Index had increased signifcantly, and there was also a signifcant difference between the scores of the experimental and constant group. There was also a significant change in the Subjective Psychological-Well Being Index of the group as a whole.
The main result attained from the experiment conducted based on the question posed above is that the Gratitude-Diary Program had a positive influence on increased gratitude levels of middle school students.
The activities (expressing gratitude in various situation and towards various subjects) done by students participating in the program brought increases in gratitude by positively influencing the development process of cognitive, emotional, and behaviorial areas. This proves the theory that gratitude is a complex entwinement of emotion and cognition.

Therefore, since adolescence delinquency has begun to be regarded as a social problem, Gratitude Diary program can be suggested as a preventable mean against the psychological maladjustment of middle school students. This is to say that the program does not only contribute to the aspect of students mental health but also preventing any maladjustment within the adolescence period as well as getting used to a stable school life.
This study is meaningful considering that the program can be applied as a personality education in a school which suffers from school violence and increase of students who have problems of adapting into the school life. It is also helpful in terms of the place of education since it supports the psychological strength of gratitude and the useful characteristics.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서론 1
• 1. 연구의 필요성 및 목적 1
• 2. 연구문제 3
• 3. 용어의 정의 4
• 4. 연구의 제한점 5
• Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 6
• 1. 긍정심리학 6
• 2. 긍정 정서 7
• 3. 감사 10
• 4. 감사와 주관적 안녕감 12
• 5. 선행 연구 13
• Ⅲ. 연구 방법 18
• 1. 측정도구 18
• 2. 연구 대상 19
• 3. 연구 설계 21
• 4. 프로그램 구성 내용 21
• 5. 연구 절차 23
• 6. 자료 처리 및 분석 23
• Ⅳ. 연구 결과 24
• 1. 연구문제 1의 결과 24
• 2. 연구문제 2의 결과 25
• Ⅴ. 결론 27
• 1. 요약 27
• 2. 논의 28
• 3. 제언 31
• 참고문헌 33
• 부 록 45
• Abstract 51