An organization is formed by individuals and groups of various interests, and the limited positions and resources inside this organization force its members to engage in any political behavior, such as competitions, conflicts, negotiations and others....
An organization is formed by individuals and groups of various interests, and the limited positions and resources inside this organization force its members to engage in any political behavior, such as competitions, conflicts, negotiations and others. In other words, organizational politics of the members which would pursue profits either of a certain group or an individual is regarded as a natural event that occurs and be faced with anytime and anywhere.
That goes the same with a hotel organization, and in a meeting of the exclusives of a hotel to discuss a punishment or a reward, this organizational politics phenomenon is frequently observed to take different measures depending on individuals. In a hotel, if any political situation occurs between the members or the teams due to school or personal connections, that could have any influence on the organizational attitude and behavior of the members.
To those members of the organization who would experience organizational politics, they are likely to take passive reactions, such as a sense of frustration or job dissatisfaction, and that could eventually bring about any active reactions which are absence, turnover and others. In the end, organizational politics causes issues critical enough to hinder the organizational effectiveness, leading the members to have negative feelings about the organization.
Now that the service business is a field that makes profits as employees personally deal with the customers, such negative effects that the members of the organization could feel have a possibility of their influencing not only customers but also the company's profits.
In that respect, the study aims to understand how the organizational politics perception of the members of hotels in the service business would affect and be related to the members' organizational commitment, looking into the mediating roles of organizational cynicism in the relation of the two variables. The study eventually proposes directions to decrease organizational politics which have been felt psychologically by the members of the hotels or the hotels themselves, and talks about ways to strengthen the members' organizational commitment by minimizing the negative effects.
The study conducted a questionnaire targeting people working at five-star hotels in Seoul and Incheon, and a total of 303 copies of the questionnaire were returned after 320 of them had been distributed. 277 copies were used for the analysis as the final samples. The results of the research went through an empirical analysis with SPSS 18.0 statistics program applied, and the findings of the empirical analysis are presented as follows.
First, Hypothesis 1 which was that the organizational politics perception would have a negative (-) influence on the organization commitment was investigated and the results reported that when the organizational commitment is regarded as a single variable, the organizational politics perception has a negative effect. The organizational commitment was, then, looked into by each sub-factor, and the study found out that the organizational politics perception negatively influences both the affective commitment and the continuance commitment. However, even though the organizational politics perception appeared to be negatively connected to the normative commitment, this negative influence would not be significant.
Second, the study investigated Hypothesis 2 on the positive (+) influence of the organizational politics perception on the organizational cynicism, and it was figured out that the more the members of the hotel perceive the organizational politics, the greater this influence on the organizational cynicism becomes.
Third, Hypothesis 3 on the negative (-) effect of the organizational cynicism on the organizational commitment was examined, and the study learned that the organizational cynicism does have a negative influence on the organizational commitment and yet, it does not affect these sub-variables of the organizational commitment, the continuance commitment and the normative commitment.
Fourth, the study has set Hypothesis 4 which was that the organizational cynicism plays a mediating role in the relation of the organizational politics perception with the organizational commitment, and the results confirmed that the organizational cynicism has a partial medicating role. That was proved to be the same for the relation of the organizational politics perception with the affective commitment.
In the light of what has been found so far, the study concluded that of all those sub-factors of the organizational commitment, only the affective commitment perceives negative feelings, and that influences the members of the organization negatively with their commitment. How this affective commitment perceives negative feelings eventually affects negatively but also significantly both the organizational politics perception and the organizational cynicism, and that has verified how greatly the affective area could influence others while both the continuance commitment to business relations and the normative commitment which is a sense of obligation do not have an effect. Such findings for this study suggest that if the hotels want to preserve their people from having a cynical attitude toward the organization, the hotels should ask their members for positive understanding on necessity and appropriateness of changes in the organizational system and that the hotels should search for ways to reduce negative feelings as convincing their people to cooperate with circumstances of the organization.