This research aimed at revealing the learning characteristics of learning community which appeared in Bucheon city small library movement from the viewpoint of expansive learning. The researcher determined that Bucheon city small library campaign not ...
This research aimed at revealing the learning characteristics of learning community which appeared in Bucheon city small library movement from the viewpoint of expansive learning. The researcher determined that Bucheon city small library campaign not only had a significant meaning and value in viewpoint of community movement, but could be a good example to prove the essence of collective and expansive learning going beyond the personal and cognitive limit in the aspect of learning. In order to analyze learning aspect of Bucheon city small library campaign, the researcher intended to describe the appearance of learning in small library movement by focusing on learning subject, learning motivation and goal, learning content and result, and learning process.
The researcher performed a qualitative case study targeting learning community activity of small library campaign which was developed to achieve the vision and goal of 'making a library of love and hope' promoted by Bucheon from the activity of 'Green Bucheon 21 Promotion Council' in 2000 until today. In order to investigate the learning community activity of Bucheon city small library campaign, the researcher divided the period into making a small library, making a reading city, making library friends, making a village, mainly with issued learning goal and activity in the development process of small library campaign, and selected following research subjects. First, who is the learning subject of small library campaign? Second, why do they study in the small library campaign? Third, what do they study in the small library campaign? Fourth, how do they study in the small library campaign? In order to resolve these research subjects, the researcher collected document data, image data, and interview data which could show the learning activity done in the development process of Bucheon city small library campaign.
In conclusion, the research results can be summarized as follows. First, study subjects of small library campaign are the citizens in Bucheon, which scale was expanded while the core of learning subjects changed and moved to multi-layered subjects. In early days, the core was composed of citizen campaigners, library professionals, who participated in agenda setting and the network activity of small library making network, however, since the establishment of small library, the core moved to the director and librarian, who were the managers of small library, as some of them acted as small library director and chairman of council, of which participation scope expanded while the core of subject moved to volunteers, library friends, and residents. The cause how Bucheon could prepare public small library within a short period, differentiated from other regions and make progress could be found in the continuity of citizen movement by well forming 'middle class', which could be said to be the professional group per area. They bound citizen society into network and completely dissolved authority by themselves, and have formed close relationship with civil servants based on firm leadership and mutual trust. In the activity of small library campaign per village unit, also, they acted as priming water and assisted the residents themselves to be the subject of activity.
Second, learning motivation and goal were created in the context of cultural history of Bucheon, which selected local agenda, 'Making Green Bucheon 21' in cooperation between public-private partnership. In order to build up an attractive city to live in by overcoming contradiction and lack generated in the city culture mainly with competitive development, the agenda was established. Regarding small library campaign, 'agenda23: Building up a library of love and hope' was established as the behavioral objective while a discussion of 'public library build up for all generations' voluntary lifelong study' was progressed in education․culture department, in order to achieve this, 'small library build up' activity was proceeded in every village by forming a governance with the city library. In order to announce the existence of small library and utilization method thereof to the public, they promoted 'making a reading city' activity, also, proceeded 'library friends making' activity to procure stable operation of small library and supporters, and established 'building up a village' as the behavioral objective to overcome the contradiction of the residents' isolation and alienation within the village.
Third, content of learning and result part was proceeded by being connected with learning goal. Initial learning content was centered with seeking of Bucheon style small library to establish small libraries per each village, establishment of small library and general management method, etc.. Since the establishment of small library, learning for small library management suitable for the characteristic of village and study for advertisement of small library was implemented. For the operation of citizen-centered small library, a program was operated by establishing a new behavioral system. While the small library put down roots in the village and studying what the library friends are, in order to earn the residents' support, a concept of Bucheon style library friends was created and library friends was organized. Recently, in order to overcome the problem of human isolation, alienation, and economic crisis problem, village build up learning activities, e.g. humanities, cooperative society making, village festival hosting were proceeded.
The result of learning was, the establishment of 17 actual public small libraries, as the concept of Bucheon style public small library was formed, however, library friends were formed or dissolved according to the situation and condition of each village unit small library. Study club was created, furthermore, village corporate, social enterprise, etc. were established. Also, cooperative society was formed, and village festival became a routine. Personally, I grew up to a village resident or activist through the expansion of recognition from 'I'-centered to 'we'-centered, also, individual knowledge and function were improved through the program, and business management ability was acquired. In the dimension of small library organization, the change and development occurred in organizational system, e.g. the accumulation of troubleshooting ability, resident organizational power, small library management method and know-how, program planning ability and event management ability, collective intelligence capability, etc. Furthermore, capacity of mature civil society was established by learning private and public cooperative method, agenda deduction process, etc., also, participatory culture was settled.
Fourth, process of learning started from concrete 'questioning' for the recognition of regional contradiction and problem, and the solution of this. Based on this, the process of reading, collective discussion, field trip, benchmarking, and small group 'research analysis' are proceeded. 'New solution model', completed this way, becomes complete as 'a new model' through 'civil review process' such as public hearing. Moreover, through concrete practice, a process, i.e. regular type of learning process to 'introspect, integrate, reinforce' the new model was proceeded. This was to form the habitual learning systematization or expansive learning route.
In conclusion, it can be said that the will of change intending to create an attractive cultural city Bucheon was stirred by the small library campaign. The cause of the success in small library campaign could be found in the process of changing the system by newly establishing goals consistently and practising them for the installation and activation of small library by the behavioral subjects of learning community, and the creation of new concept and regulation, i.e. in the efforts of the subjects who have achieved expansive learning constantly. Regional change and development was enabled through the expansive learning process and growth where the citizens read through the medium of book, talked about regional contradiction and problem, and sought for the solution plan. Bucheon city small library campaign was the process of the settlement of regional culture, for reading books and lifelong study, at the same time, it can be interpreted as the result of the learning subjects' will to change and constant learned efforts to approach a true civil society through this.