In the middle bronze age of Yeongseo area, a dwelling site in Songguk-ri type, which is the typically cultural type in the Korean peninsula, is not confirmed. A new type called dwelling site in Bukhan River type is appearing. With paying attention to ...
In the middle bronze age of Yeongseo area, a dwelling site in Songguk-ri type, which is the typically cultural type in the Korean peninsula, is not confirmed. A new type called dwelling site in Bukhan River type is appearing. With paying attention to this point, this study classified a dwelling site of Bukhan River type largely into 3 types(A~C) according to characteristics focusing on the relics of Georyeri in Hwacheon, which are confirmed the largest number of dwelling sites in Bukhan River types. Also, it established chronology by referring to the overlapping relation in dwelling sites, a change in the excavated relics, and radiocarbon dating based on the classified type, and examined the change aspect by period on the basis of the established chronology.
First of all, A-type dwelling site is the one that is placed only working space among all elements of Bukhan River type. In light of the overlapping relation, it was formed by being lagged more than working space without the facilities in the former period. The partially-compacted clay, which is the working space of having been developed B type, and the working space, are being identified to have been formed with being preceded more than a dwelling site of being arranged with a set. Potteries among the excavated relics are being formed the mainstream in plain pottery. However, Gongryeolmun pottery(孔列文土器) and Mayeon pottery(磨硏土器), which are the marked ruins in Yeoksam-Dong type of the former period, are still showing large ratio until this period. Thus, the culture in the former part can be considered to be still left. The stone tools are formed the mainstream of Ildangyungsik spear as for spear, of the rectangular and boat-shaped stone blade as for stone blade, and of the ax for stone axe. In light of this aspect, it can be considered to be turning point of being implemented from the former period to the middle period as the point of time of being appeared the dwelling site in Bukhan River type. As the period is around B.C 10~B.C 8C in B.P 2800~2600, it can be established as the second half of the former period and the first half of the middle of coexisting.
B-type dwelling site is the one that is installed the working space and the partially-compacted clay with a set among all elements of Bukhan River type. In light of the overlapping relation, it was lagged more than the dwelling site, which was installed only the working space in A type, and was formed with being preceded more than a dwelling site of being installed only the partially-compacted clay in C type. The excavated relics are being reduced Gongryeolmun pottery(孔列文土器) and Ildangyungsik spear of forming the mainstream in A type. Plain pottery and integrated spear are forming the mainstream with growing explosively. A stone axe is being still formed the ax, which is formed the mainstream in A type. However, pillar-form adze(柱狀片刃石斧) and Grooved Adze, which are excavated after the middle part, show characteristic of appearing in this period even if being small quantity. In light of this aspect, it can be considered to be ripening period in the middle as the period of having been developed and expanded the dwelling site in Bukhan River type while A-type element is still left. As the period is around B.C 8~B.C 6C in B.P 2600~2400, it can be established as the middle phase in the middle period of coexisting with the first half of the middle.
C-type dwelling site is the one that is installed only the partially-compacted clay among all elements of Bukhan River type. In light of the overlapping relation, it was formed with being lagged more than the dwelling site that was installed with a set of the developed working space and the partially-compacted clay in B type. The excavated relics are being grown a little more potteries of forming the mainstream in AㆍB types. Gongryeolmun pottery(孔列文土器) and Mayeon pottery(磨硏土器) are decreasing. As for a stone blade, the boat-shaped stone blade of forming the mainstream in AㆍB types possesses the larger ratio. Triangular stone blade, which is excavated in the later period than boat-shaped stone blade, shows characteristic of appearing even if being small quantity. As for a stone axe, the ax, which forms the mainstream in AㆍB types, reduces. Flat adze(扁平片刃石斧) is forming the mainstream. Also, pillar-form adze(柱狀片刃石斧) and Grooved Adze, which are excavated only in the relics following the middle period, are being confirmed with the larger ratio compared to B type. In light of this aspect, it can be considered to be the period that the dwelling site in Bukhan River type is declining as B-type element is still left. As the period is around B.C 6~5C in B.P 2400~2300, it can be established as the second half of the middle period of coexisting with the middle phase of the middle.
As for the distribution aspect of dwelling sites in Bukhan River types, which pass through this transitional process, it is being distributed the parallel shipboard settlement in the first half of the middle period, the many-sided settlement in high density during the middle phase of the middle period, and the many-sided settlement in low density during the second half of the middle period. Meanwhile, according to a change from A type to B type, the mainstream is being formed a square as for a plane style in a dwelling site and a small type as for scale. In this way, a square and small-size pattern are being shown definitely. This can be observed to be reduction in dwelling-site members. The reduction in members seems to lead to a change of residential pattern into detached-residence method from group-residence method and from large family to nuclear family. Also, as number of dwelling sites increases explosively with a change from A type to B type, the number of dwelling sites is reducing with a change into C type. This is understood even as increase and decrease in population. As for a factor of a rise in population, the given condition was arranged that is available for making settlement life thanks to the introduction of agriculture, which is begun from the middle bronze age. This is thought to lead to the occurrence in the phenomenon of the concentrated population. In the meantime, a rise in population caused by agriculture could lead to accelerating cooperation between individual & group and between group & group. However, it also became an element of conflict in distribution of surplus goods. This led to the formation in a stratified society caused by social differentiation. The outbreak of a war between group and group is thought to have led to reduction in population.