The purpose of this study is to provide educational contents and teaching/learning methods regarding how meanings and functions of particle work in the level of discourse based on discourse grammar, in order to suggest grammar education meaningful to ...
The purpose of this study is to provide educational contents and teaching/learning methods regarding how meanings and functions of particle work in the level of discourse based on discourse grammar, in order to suggest grammar education meaningful to learners by considering language life of them and devise teaching/learning methods for assuring identity of grammar education.
The study largely consists of three parts, that is, 1) conceptualization of discourse grammar, 2) suggestion of particle education in discourse structure and, 3) suggestion of particle education in the interpretation of discourse meaning.
First, discourse grammar is conceptualized by specifying concepts of discourses and texts, and by establishing the perspective of grammar. In discourse grammar, grammar was set to work as use knowledge in the discourse structural, situation contextual, and social/cultural dimensions. Because this working aspect is realized in expression and comprehension relations of senders and receivers, grammar education contributes to achieving the goal of Korean education, that is, producing and accepting discourses critically and creatively, and thereby it ultimately comes to have Korean educational value. The principle of discourse grammar education more deeply specifies discourse grammar, and it was drawn through principles, that is, learner-centered characteristic, integrity of language, and educational communication, that grammar could work in discourse structure and the interpretation of discourse meaning.
In the aspect of discourse structure, particles function as a cohesive marker and an information marker. Auxiliary particles as a cohesive marker were selected, concepts of focalization for setting up the relationship between selected members and sister members were arranged, and then cohesive functions of auxiliary particles that connect the relationship between selected members and sister members were suggested by dividing them to ‘addition, contrast, conversion, and elaboration’. Thus, if the cohesive relationship of paragraphs is structuralized by using macro structure of van Dijk, it comes to be easy to grasp the structure of texts.
In the aspect of discourse structure, particles also function as an information marker, and in order to determine this, concepts of given information and new information from the perspective of psycholinguistics were introduced, and in the discourse, topics that a speaker select depending on directions or intentions in the process of discourses were set, not sentence topics. If information is collected by giving attention to the information integrated by particles, the flow of information can be grasped, which is eventually helpful to summarizing information.
In the aspect of the interpretation of discourse meaning, particles that have a discourse strategy function and a pragmatic function were suggested. The interpretation of discourse meaning changes as a speaker uses a discourse strategy in a marked way, and the act to correct the structure and meaning of discourses by using grammar rules is using a strategy. By selecting particles that can function as a discourse strategy, how particles do the semantic function in the interpretation of discourse meaning by being realized in discourses in a marked way was examined.
The pragmatic function of auxiliary particles emerges in the utterance or in the social/cultural context that is outside of the structure of discourses. Thus, by grasping the meaning of auxiliary particles by presupposition, implicature, and inference, how auxiliary particles function in interpreting discourses was examined. Besides, there are auxiliary particles that form implicature in actual discourses, not on the surface of messages, and in this case, they were expressed by representing background knowledge. Because auxiliary particles have many lexical notions, they are appropriate to represent background knowledge that is accumulated and formed through experiences.
In brief, in the aspects of discourse structure and the interpretation of discourse meaning, the function of particles was provided as educational contents, and then educational contents of particles were organized, and teaching/learning methods were suggested.
First, the ‘recognizing grammar knowledge’ stage is, by observing the use of particles in discourse, to recognize that the semantic function of particles can work in the dimension of discourse, and then to understand the semantic function of particles systematically. The ‘constructing knowledge of grammar use’ stage is to understand principles of each function of particles that work in discourses, structuralize texts or understand major information through grasping each function on texts, and interpret the meaning of discourses through grasping each function in discourses. The ‘reconstructing grammar use knowledge’ stage is to understand discourses by grasping each function of particles in various discourses or to produce discourses by using each function of particles, and to become aware that grammar is a recourse that can be procedurally reconstructed by language users in the specific context.
Conclusively, meanings of this study are as follows. First is to structure learner-centered grammar education by conceptualizing discourse grammar, and make contents and methods of grammar education have validity in achieving its goal. Second, the characteristic of particles enables leaners to understand thoughtfully about grammar knowledge as they recognize and reconstruct knowledge in discourses. Third, suggesting particles education in discourse grammar focuses on the use of grammar knowledge and reveals Korean education value by paying attention to the process of language use, not to fragmentary language use.