This study is to analyze and compare the Criminal Law between The South and North Korea for The Korean Unification. It is also to build up the foundation of unified criminal law and to determine the direction of legislation of it.
The Korean Unifi...
This study is to analyze and compare the Criminal Law between The South and North Korea for The Korean Unification. It is also to build up the foundation of unified criminal law and to determine the direction of legislation of it.
The Korean Unification and Integration can be concretely realized by the legal integration of each part. If the legal integration brings the Korean Unification to completion, the study for the unified legal system can be preliminary arrangements for the Korean Unification and Integration.
For this reason, this study for North Korean Criminal Law is a necessary and important part for Korean Unification. The Unification needs to be based on the democratic principles such as freedom, Human Rights, equality, welfare and the legal integration also needs to be finalized on these values.
This study mainly adopted the methodology of documentary research. It analyzed some preceding studies made by South and North Korean scholars on the criminal law and other documentary records too. It referred to testimony of defectors from North Korea.
For the foreign case study for the integration of criminal law, the cases of Vietnam, Germany, China, Taiwan and European Union were adopted. The problems and suggestions, which come from the process of Unification for the Nations above, were analyzed and brought up an important task for this study.
In this study the differences of Two Koreas about the Criminal Law and the Criminal Procedure Law were analyzed in terms of the sources and history, principles and ideology of the laws.
The South Korean Criminal Law regards a due process of law and human right under the rule of law and the principle of legality as important and it alsoplaces a great deal of weight on the benefit and protection of the law for individual and society.
On the other hand, the North Korean Criminal Law focuses on the protection of political system such as nation's sovereignty, state socialism, etc. rather than the freedom and Human Rights of individual.
The Criminal Procedure Law of South Korea lays stress on the principle of Substantive Truth (Grundsatz der Wahrheitserforschung), principle of due process of law and the protection of Human Rights.
More over, the law emphasizes the due process of law under the principle of the presumption of innocence rather than the principle of substantial truth, and protects the accused and the victims of crime and extends the protection of human right and the right to participate.
On the other hand, the Criminal Procedure Law of North Korea functions as a dictatorship of the proletariat and a means of politics and it also attaches importance to means of the direction of the party and the chieftain but does not function as a system for a guarantee of Human Rights like a warrant.
As for the Integration of Criminal Procedure Law of South and North Koreas the principle of rule of law is to be firmly based, and The Due process of Law and the guarantee of human rights are also enriched.
Some foreign cases for the Integration of Criminal Law are studied. Especially the cases of Vietnam and Germany are examined in detail and these cases showed some problems after unification. More over, the cases for the integration of criminal law of China and Taiwan, and European Union are also studied.
The foreign cases are useful for this study in dealing with theoretical base and problem solving for the integration of criminal law of South and North Korea.
The German case comes up with an idea that the unification of two Koreas needs a strong will to unite and steady and longtime mutual interchange and cooperation between South and North Korea.
The German case was suggestive for the integration of criminal law of South and North Korea, in terms of ground of jurisdiction, necessary conditions of constituting a crime, circumstances precluding wrongfulness, statute of limitations, etc.