Purpose of research and analysis framework
This study aims to identify the fitness between competing values leadership of local government leaders and organizational culture; analyze the effect of competing values leadership on organizational cultu...
Purpose of research and analysis framework
This study aims to identify the fitness between competing values leadership of local government leaders and organizational culture; analyze the effect of competing values leadership on organizational culture and organizational effectiveness; and identify the effect of the goodness of fit between competing values leadership and organizational culture on the organizational effectiveness.
Following this purpose, this study was conducted focusing on the types of competing values leadership of local government leaders and the types of organizational culture. The scope and method of the study is as follows.
First, as for the time and spatial scope of the research, this study used the data surveyed from August 1 to August 31, 2013 with public officials who were working for local government organizations in Daegu, which was the location of the research.
Second, as for the research method, a literature review was accompanied by empirical study through questionnaire survey. In specific, this study was conducted through literature review and survey based on MSAI from the study of Cameron & Quinn (1999) for competing values leadership, OCAI from the study of Cameron & Quinn (2011) for organizational culture, theory of Meyer & Allen (1991) for organizational commitment, and theory of Davidson & Cooper (1983) for job satisfaction. Empirical analysis was done with SPSS WIN 20.0 to verify statistical significance.
Analysis results and implications
The research results may be summarized as follows.
First, regarding the fitness between the factors of competing values leadership and organizational culture, the goodness of fit was shown to be highest in relationship-oriented leaders and clan culture, followed by in the order of innovation-oriented leaders and entrepreneurial culture, hierarchy-oriented leadership and bureaucratic culture, and task-oriented leadership and market culture. Furthermore, relationship-oriented leadership affects the formation of entrepreneurial culture as well as formation of clan culture. All of the factors of relationship-oriented leadership, innovation- oriented leadership, and hierarchy-oriented leadership have significant influence on the formation of market culture.
Second, as for the effect of subfactors’ intensity of the competing values leadership on organizational commitment, all of four leadership factors have positive (+) influence on organizational commitment. Task-oriented leadership and hierarchy-oriented leadership had relatively more influence than the other two leadership factors.
In the relationship with job satisfaction, only relationship-oriented leadership and hierarchy-oriented leadership had positive (+) influence on job satisfaction. Innovation-oriented leadership and task-oriented leadership had no significant influence on job satisfaction.
Third, in the relationship between the intensity of organizational culture in terms of competing values and organizational effectiveness, all four factors of organizational culture based on competing values showed statistically positive (+) significance. Clan culture and entrepreneurial culture had relatively more influence than other two cultures. As for the effect of subfactors of organizational culture in terms of competing values on the job satisfaction, all subfactors of organizational culture showed statistically positive (+) significance. It was found that clan culture and market culture had relatively more influence than other two cultures.
Fourth, in the analysis of the goodness of fit between competing values leadership, organizational culture and organizational effectiveness, the goodness of fit between innovation-oriented leadership and entrepreneurial culture and the goodness of fit between hierarchy-oriented leadership and hierarchy culture had statistically positive (+) significance on organizational commitment and job satisfaction.
The implications of this study are as follows.
First, it was found that in the relationship between organizational culture and competing values leadership, relationship-oriented leadership had significant influence on the formation of three organizational cultures (clan culture, entrepreneurial culture, and market culture). This indicates that relationship-oriented leadership should be actively utilized for the formation of desirable organizational culture in the future.
Second, as for the intensity of competing values leadership on organizational commitment, outward-focused leadership is shown relatively strong. As for the relationship with job satisfaction, inward-focused leadership had relatively strong influence on organizational commitment. Therefore, in order to enhance organizational effectiveness of public officials, outward-focused leadership and inward-focused leadership should be exerted in a balanced way.
Third, as for the relationship between the intensity of organizational culture in the competing values model and organizational effectiveness, outward-focused and dispersed market culture, and entrepreneurial culture were relatively strong. This suggests that result-oriented organizational culture that is outward-focused and task-oriented and values public status, dominates. It also implies that more efforts should be made for forming inward-focused organizational culture that focuses on stability and control for balanced organizational culture in the future.
Fourth, as for the goodness of fit between competing values leadership and organizational culture, task-oriented leadership (4.78) and market culture (3.78) showed a significant gap between competing values leadership and organizational culture. This tells us that the leaders that emphasize task-oriented leadership need to prioritize intensity of market culture. As for the effect of the goodness of fit between competing values leadership and organizational culture on organizational effectiveness, it was found to have stronger positive (+) influence in the order of innovation-oriented entrepreneurial culture, and hierarchy-oriented bureaucratic culture on organizational commitment. The higher the goodness of fit between innovation-oriented leadership and entrepreneurial culture, the more influence on organizational commitment. As for the effect of the goodness of fit between leadership and organizational culture on job satisfaction, it was found to have stronger positive (+) influence in the order of hierarchy-oriented bureaucratic culture, and innovation-oriented entrepreneurial culture on job satisfaction. The higher the goodness of fit between hierarchy-oriented leadership and hierarchy-oriented culture, the more influence on job satisfaction.