맞벌이부부의 가족친화적 환경과 가정건강성이 행복에 미치는 영향

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 가족친화적 환경요인과 가정건강성 요인이 맞벌이부부의 행복에 미치는 영향을 파악하는데 목적을 두었다. 이를 위해 맞벌이부부의 행복은 남편의 행복과 아내의 행복으로 보았고, 이에 영향을 미치는 요인으로는 가구관련 요인(연령, 학력, 직업, 종사상 지위, 건강에 대한 주관적 평가, 자녀수, 6세이하 돌봄가족원 유무, 거주지역, 가구소득, 월평균 저축액, 금융자산 총액, 주택보유 여부, 부채유무, 계층소속), 가족친화적 환경(배우자와의 평등관계, 배우자와의 의사소통 만족도, 가사분담/돌봄노동 분담만족도, 배우자와의 집안일 분담 공평정도, 근무시간 조절가능성, 일에 대한 만족도, 일과 가정생활간의 균형정도, 일과 가정생활 양립장애), 가정건강성으로 보았다.
본 연구에 사용된 자료는 2010년 여성가족부에서 실시한 2차 가족실태조사로, 전국 2,500가구에 속한 15세 이상의 개인 가구원 4,754명을 대상으로 수집한 자료이다. 본 연구는 자녀가 있는 맞벌이부부의 행복에 초점을 두었기 때문에 부부와 자녀가 있는 가구를 분석단위로 보았고, 표본추출을 위해 여러 단계로 진행하였다. 첫째, 전체가구원 4,754명 중 가구주 2,362명과 배우자 1,524명의 3,886명을 추출하였다. 둘째, 가구번호를 기준하여 가구주와 배우자로 응답한 2,482명 중에서 부부와 1명이상의 미혼자녀가 있는 718가구를 추출하였다. 셋째, 부실응답과 무응답을 제외한 후 유자녀 부부가구 679가구 중에서 맞벌이가구의 남편 280명과 아내 280명을 최종표본으로 보았다.
연구문제를 위한 통계는 SPSS프로그램(Ver.20.0)을 이용하여 분석하였다. 첫째, 맞벌이부부의 가구관련 요인, 가족친화적 환경 및 가정건강성 실태를 파악하기 위해 단순빈도와 백분율, 교차분석, 평균과 표준편차, t-test를 실시하였다. 둘째, 맞벌이가구의 가구관련 요인, 가족친화적 환경 및 가정건강성에 따른 남편과 아내의 행복수준을 파악하기 위해 분산분석과 하위집단간 차이의 추후검증을 위한 Duncan의 다중범위검정을 실시하였다. 셋째, 맞벌이부부 개인의 행복에 미치는 가구관련 요인, 가족친화적 환경 및 가정건강성 요인들의 영향력을 분석하기 위해 다중회귀분석을 실시하였고, 특히 다중회귀분석은 가구관련 요인, 가족환경적 환경, 가정건강성 요인을 단계별로 투입하였다. 이때 연구모형에 사용된 변수들의 다중공선성을 확인하기 위해 피어슨의 상관관계계수와 VIF값을 확인하였다.
연구문제의 분석결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다.
첫째, 맞벌이남편과 아내의 가구관련 요인 중 사회인구학적 특성에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보인 변수는 연령, 직업, 종사상 지위였다. 먼저 평균연령을 보면 남편은 44.6세, 아내는 41.9세로 나타나 맞벌이부부가 중년층임을 알 수 있다. 또 남편의 직업은 사무직(34.6%), 판매서비스·농림어업직(30.4%), 기능원·장치기계조작·단순노무직(24.6%), 관리직·전문직(10.4%)의 순으로 나타났고, 아내의 직업은 판매서비스·농림어업직(53.2%), 사무직(26.6%), 기능원·장치기계조작·단순노무직(11.0%), 관리직·전문직(9.1%)의 순이었다. 종사상 지위에서 남편은 상용근로자(61.4%)가 비상용근로자보다 많은 반면, 아내는 비상용근로자(55.0%)가 상용근로자보다 많았다. 맞벌이부부의 자녀수는 평균 1.9명이었고 6세이하 돌봄가족원이 있는 가구는 22.9%였다. 또 맞벌이부부는 중/소도시에 42.5%, 대도시에 41.4%가 거주하여 대부분이 도시에 거주하였다.
맞벌이부부의 가구관련 요인 중 재정관련 요인을 보면, 월평균 가구소득은 350만원-450만원 미만인 가구가 33.2%로 가장 많았고 총생계비는 월평균 198.17만원이었으며 매월 소득액 중 정기적인 저축을 하는 가구는 73.6%로 월평균 75.6만원을 저축하였다. 또 금융자산이 있는 가구는 72.5%로 평균 4,365.44원을 보유하였으며, 주택을 보유한 가구는 72.5%였다. 부채 가구는 35.4%이었고 평균 4,437.37만원의 총부채액을 보유하였다. 주관적 경제상태에 대해서는 평균 2.79점을 보여 보통보다 약간 낮은 경제상태임을 알 수 있다. 한편 맞벌이남편과 아내간의 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보인 본인소득을 보면, 남편은 250만원 이상 55.7%, 150-250만원 미만38.2%, 150만원 미만 6.1%의 순으로 나타났고, 아내는 150만원 미만이 49.4%, 150-250만원 미만37.7%, 250만원 이상12.8%로 나타났다.
맞벌이부부의 가족친화적 환경의 가정환경에서 남편과 아내간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보인 변수는 가사분담/돌봄노동분담 만족도, 배우자와의 의사소통만족도이었다. 가사분담/돌봄노동분담 만족도에서 남편은 불만족 6.4%, 보통 50.0%, 만족 43.6%인 반면, 아내는 불만족 20.0%, 보통 45.4%, 만족 34.6%로 응답하여 아내의 불만족 비율이 더 높았다. 배우자와의 의사소통에서 남편과 아내는 각각 3.47점, 3.41점을 나타내 아내의 배우자와의 의사소통 만족도가 남편보다 낮았다.
맞벌이부부의 가족친화적 환경의 직장환경에서 남편과 아내 간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보인 변수는 일과 가정생활 균형정도, 일과 가정생활 양립장애, 주당 평균 근로시간이였다. 먼저 일과 가정생활 균형정도에서 남편은 불균형하다 15.0%, 보통이다 56.1%, 균형적이다 28.9%로 응답하였으나 아내는 불균형하다 23.9%, 보통이다 50.4%, 균형적이다 25.7%로 응답하여 남편에 비해 아내의 불균형 비율이 더 높았다. 또 일과 가정생활 양립이 어려운 이유에 대해 남편은 가정생활 장애 41.8%, 직장생활 장애 20.0%로 응답하였으나 아내는 가정생활 장애 74.6%, 직장생활 장애 8.6%로 응답하여 아내가 일과 가정생활 양립에서 가정생활 장애를 크게 느끼고 있었다. 한편 주당 평균 근로시간은 남편이 47.94시간, 아내는 45.55시간으로 나타나 남편의 주당 근로시간이 아내보다 많았다.
맞벌이가구의 남편과 아내의 가정건강성 실태를 파악한 결과, 남편의 가정건강성은 7.51점, 아내는 7.48점이었으나 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 또 맞벌이가구의 남편과 아내의 행복수준을 분석한 결과, 남편은 7.16점, 아내는 7.21점이었으나 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다.
둘째, 맞벌이부부의 가구관련 요인 중 사회인구학적 특성에 따른 행복수준 차이를 분석한 결과, 남편의 행복에 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보인 사회인구학적 특성은 건강에 대한 주관적 평가, 거주지역이었고, 아내의 행복수준에 유의한 차이를 보인 사회인구학적 특성은 직업, 종사상 지위, 건강에 대한 주관적 평가였다. 또 남편의 행복에만 유의한 차이를 보인 사회인구학적 특성은 거주지역이었고 아내의 행복에만 유의한 차이를 보인 사회인구학적 특성은 아내의 직업과 종사상 지위였다.
맞벌이부부의 재정관련 요인에 따른 행복수준 차이를 분석한 결과, 남편의 행복에 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보인 재정관련 요인은 월평균 가구소득, 본인 월평균소득, 월평균 저축액, 금융자산 총액, 주관적 경제상태, 계층소속이었고, 아내의 행복에 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보인 재정관련 요인은 월평균 가구소득, 월평균 저축액, 금융자산 총액, 주택보유 여부, 주관적 경제상태, 계층소속이었다. 특히 남편의 행복에만 유의한 차이를 보인 재정관련 요인은 본인 월평균소득이었고 아내의 행복에만 유의한 차이를 보인 재정관련 요인은 주택보유 여부였다.
맞벌이부부의 가족친화적 환경의 가정환경에 따른 행복수준 차이를 분석한 결과, 남편의 행복에 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보인 가정환경은 배우자와의 평등관계, 배우자와의 의사소통 만족도, 가사분담/돌봄노동 분담 만족도이었고, 아내의 행복에 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보인 가정환경도 배우자와의 평등관계, 배우자와의 의사소통 만족도, 가사분담/돌봄노동 분담 만족도였다.
맞벌이부부의 가족친화적 환경의 직장환경에 따른 행복수준 차이를 분석한 결과, 남편의 행복에 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보인 직장환경은 일에 대한 만족도, 일과 가정생활의 균형정도였고, 아내의 행복에 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보인 직장환경은 근무시간 조절가능성, 일에 대한 만족도, 일과 가정생활의 균형정도, 일과 가정생활 양립장애이었다. 특히 아내의 행복에만 유의한 차이를 보인 직장환경 요인은 근무시간 조절가능성과 일과 가정생활 양립장애였다.
맞벌이가구의 가정건강성은 남편과 아내의 행복에 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보인 변수였다.
셋째, 맞벌이부부의 행복에 영향을 미치는 요인을 분석하기 위하여 단계별 다중회귀분석을 실시한 결과, 남편의 행복에 대한 가구관련 요인의 영향력을 파악한 1단계 다중회귀분석에서, 행복에 유의한 영향을 미치는 변수는 계층소속, 건강에 대한 주관적 평가, 거주지역(중/소도시), 월평균 저축액의 순이었고 유의한 변수들의 상대적 총 설명력은 23.1%(Adj R2)였다. 또 1단계에 가족친화적 가정환경을 추가한 2-1단계 다중회귀분석 결과, 행복에 유의한 영향을 미치는 변수는 계층소속, 배우자와의 의사소통 만족도, 건강에 대한 주관적 평가, 월평균 저축액의 순이었으며 이러한 변수들의 총 설명력은 27.6%(Adj R2)였다. 1단계 회귀모형에 가족친화적 직장환경 요인을 추가한 2-2단계 다중회귀분석 결과, 남편의 행복에 영향을 미친 유의한 변수는 계층소속, 건강에 대한 주관적 평가, 거주지역(중/소도시), 일과 가정생활의 균형정도, 월평균 저축액, 근무시간 조절가능성의 순이었고, 이러한 변수들의 총 설명력은 26.6%(Adj R2)였다. 1단계에 가족친화적 가정환경 요인과 가족친화적 직장환경 요인을 추가한 3단계 다중회귀분석 결과, 남편의 행복에 영향을 미친 유의한 변수는 배우자와의 의사소통만족도, 계층소속, 건강에 대한 주관적 평가, 일과 가정생활의 균형, 근무시간 조절가능성, 월평균 저축액의 순이었으며 이러한 변수들의 총 설명력은 29.4%(Adj R2)였다. 마지막으로 3단계에 가정건강성 요인을 추가한 4단계 다중회귀분석을 실시한 결과, 남편의 행복에 유의한 영향을 미친 변수는 가정건강성, 배우자와의 의사소통 만족도, 월평균 저축액, 일과 가정생활의 균형정도의 순이었고, 이처럼 변수들의 총 설명력은 44.0%(Adj R2)였다.
다음으로, 아내의 행복에 대한 기구관련 요인의 영향력을 파악한 1단계 다중회귀분석에서, 행복에 유의한 영향을 미치는 변수는 계층소속, 건강에 대한 주관적 평가, 월평균 저축액의 순이었고 이러한 변수들의 총 설명력은 15.0%(Adj R2)였다. 또 1단계에 가족친화적 가정환경을 추가한 2-1단계 다중회귀분석을 실시한 결과, 행복에 유의한 영향을 미치는 변수는 배우자와의 의사소통 만족도, 가사분담/돌봄노동 분담 만족도, 건강에 대한 주관적 평가, 월평균 저축액, 계층소속의 순으로 나타났으며, 이러한 변수들의 총 설명력은 28.0%(Adj R2)였다. 1단계 회귀모형에 가족친화적 직장환경 요인을 추가한 2-2단계 다중회귀분석의 결과, 아내의 행복에 영향을 미친 유의한 변수는 계층소속, 월평균 저축액, 건강에 대한 주관적 평가의 순이었고, 이러한 변수들의 총 설명력은 16.9%(Adj R2)였다. 1단계에 가족친화적 가정환경 요인과 가족친화적 직장환경 요인을 추가한 3단계 다중회귀분석 결과, 아내의 행복에 영향을 미친 유의한 변수는 배우자와의 평등관계, 배우자와의 의사소통 만족도, 월평균 저축액, 가사분담/돌봄노동분담 만족도, 건강에 대한 주관적 평가의 순으로 나타났으며, 이러한 변수들의 총 설명력은 27.7%(Adj R2)였다. 마지막으로, 3단계에 가정건강성 요인을 추가한 4단계 다중회귀분석을 실시한 결과, 아내의 행복에 유의한 영향을 미친 변수는 가정건강성, 배우자와의 의사소통 만족도, 월평균 저축액, 가사분담/돌봄노동 분담만족도였고, 이러한 변수들의 총 설명력은 34.6%(Adj R2)였다.
맞벌이가구의 남편과 아내의 행복에 대한 다중회귀분석 결과를 비교해서 보면, 1단계 다중회귀분석에서 남편의 행복과 아내의 행복에 모두 유의한 영향을 미친 변수는 건강에 대한 주관적 평가, 월평균 저축액, 계층소속이었고, 남편의 행복에만 유의한 영향을 미친 변수는 거주지역(중/소도시)이었다. 2-1단계 다중회귀분석 결과, 남편의 행복과 아내의 행복에 모두 유의한 영향을 미친 변수는 건강에 대한 주관적 평가, 월평균 저축액, 계층 소속, 배우자와의 의사소통 만족도였고, 아내의 행복에만 유의한 영향을 미친 변수는 가사분담/돌봄노동분담 만족도였다. 2-2단계 다중회귀분석 결과, 남편의 행복과 아내의 행복에 모두 유의한 영향을 미친 변수는 건강에 대한 주관적 평가, 월평균 저축액, 계층소속이었고, 남편의 행복에만 유의한 영향을 미친 변수는 거주지역(중/소도시), 근무시간 조절가능성, 일과 가정생활의 균형정도였다. 3단계 다중회귀분석에서, 남편의 행복과 아내의 행복에 모두 유의한 영향을 보인 변수는 건강에 대한 주관적 평가, 월평균 저축액, 배우자와의 의사소통 만족도였고, 남편의 행복에만 유의한 영향을 보인 변수는 계층소속, 근무시간 조절가능성, 일과 가정생활의 균형정도였으며, 아내의 행복에만 유의한 영향을 보인 변수는 배우자와의 평등관계, 가사분담/돌봄노동 분담만족도였다. 4단계에서 다중회귀분석에서, 남편의 행복과 아내의 행복에 모두 유의한 영향을 미치는 변수는 월평균 저축액, 배우자와의 의사소통 만족도, 가정건강성이었고, 남편의 행복에만 유의한 영향을 미치는 변수는 일과 가정생활의 균형정도였고, 아내의 행복에만 유의한 영향을 미치는 변수는 가사분담/돌봄노동 분담만족도였다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This research aims to figure out effects of family friendly environment factors and health grades factors of families on the happiness of two-earner couple. For this purpose, I regarded happiness of two-earner couple as happiness of husband and wife, and considered that influential factors to such fact include household related factors (age, academic backgrounds, occupation, position, subjective evaluation of health, number of children, have or not family members under six years of age, residing area, household income, monthly average savings, total amount of financial assets, having houses, having debt, class affiliation), familial friendly environment (equal relation with spouse, level of satisfaction in communicating with spouse, level of satisfaction in housework/caring work sharing, equality in housework sharing, possible adjustment for working hours, level of work satisfaction, work and family life balance, compatibility problem of work and family life), and health grades of families.
For specific research subjects, first, I investigated household related factors of two-earner couple, family friendly environment, health grades of families, and actual status of happiness, and second, figured out household related factors of two-earner couple, differences in the level of happiness of husband and wife according to family friendly environment and health grades of families, and third, analyzed about the relative influence of family friendly environment and health grades of families, on happiness of husband and wife.
Data used in this research is the second family survey Computer-Aided Personal Interview Data (CAPI) was used to conduct family survey. This method is to interview research subjects with interviewers using portable computers, and research subjects can be more interested as they respond directly using computers, and it has advantages to send and organize data immediately after completion of the survey.
conducted by the Ministry of Gender Equality and Family in 2010, and was collected with 4,754 individual household member over 15 year old age that belong to 2,500 households in the country as subjects. As the research focused on happiness of two-earner couple with children, households with couple and children were used as an unit of analysis, and it was proceeded in many phases for sampling. First, I extracted total of 3,886 household members comprising of 2,362 householders and 1,524 spouses of their spouses among 4,754 members of entire households. Second, with household number as basis, among 2,482 members who responded, as householders and spouses, I extracted 718 households with couple and more than one unmarried children. Third, with poor responses and non-responses excluded, 280 husbands and 280 wives of two-earner couples were used as final sample among 679 households with couple and children.
SPSS (Ver.20.0) were used as statistics program for research subjects analysis. First, in order to figure out actual status of household related factors of two-earner couple, family friendly environment and health grades of families, simple frequency and percentage, cross analysis, average and standard deviation, and t-test were conducted. Second, I conducted dispersion analysis to figure out the level of happiness of husband and wife based on the household related factors of two-earner couple, family friendly environment and health grades of families, and Duncan's multiple range test for post-verification of differences among subgroups. Third, multiple regression analysis was conducted to analyze the influence of household related factors that has effects on the happiness of each member of two-earner couple, family friendly environment and health grades factors of families, and Pearson Correlation Coefficient and VIF value were verified to confirm the multicollinearity of variables used in research model. Household related factors, family friendly environment, and health grade factors of families were injected in each phase especially for multiple regression analysis.
Summary of research subjects analysis result is as follows.
First, variables that showed statistically significant difference in socio-demographic feature among household related factors of two earner couple husbands and wives were age, occupation, and position. Average ages of husbands and wives was shown as 44.6 and 41.9 respectively, and indicate that two-earner couple is the middle aged. In addition, occupations of husbands were office work (34.6%), sales service · agriculture, forestry and fishery (30.4%), technician · machine device operation · simple labor (24.6%), management · professional practice (10.4%) and occupations of wives were sales service · agriculture, forestry and fishery (53.2%), office work (26.6%), technician · machine device operation · simple labor (11.0%), management · professional practice (9.1%) in sequence. For position, husband's full time workers' ratio (61.4%) was higher than that of part time workers, and wife's part time workers' ratio (55.0%) was higher than that of full time workers. Number of children of two-earner couple were 1.9 on average, and households with family members under six years of age to provide care were 22.9%. Also, for two-earner couple, they mostly resides in cities with 42.5% living in small and medium-sized cities and 41.4% living in large cities.
Looking at finance related factors among household related factors of two-earner couple, households with under 3,500,000 won account for the majority, total living expense was 1,981,700 won on monthly average, and households making periodical savings out of monthly income was 73.6% and saved 756,000 won on average. And household with financial assets was 72.5% retaining 4,365.44 won on average, and households having houses were 72.5%. Households with debt were 35.4% and have total debt of 44,373,700 won. Regarding subjective financial status, it was 2.79 points on average and indicated slightly lower level of financial status. On the other hand, looking at one's income that showed statistically significant difference between husband and wife of two-earner couple, it indicated above 2,500,000 won 55.7%, below 1,500,000-2,500,000 won 38.2%, and below 1,500,000 won 6.1% for husband's income, and for wife's income, it indicated below 1,500,000 won 49.4%, below 1,500,000-2,500,000 won 37.7%, and above 2,500,000 won 12.8%.
Variables indicating statistically significant difference between husband and wife under family friendly home surroundings of two-earner couple were level of satisfaction in housework/caring work sharing and level of satisfaction in communicating with spouse. For the level of satisfaction in housework/caring work sharing, husband showed unsatisfactory 6.4%, fair 50.0%, satisfactory 43.6%, on the other hand, wife's dissatisfaction was higher than that of husband by responding unsatisfactory 20.0%, fair 45.4%, and satisfactory 34.6% respectively. For communication with spouse, wife's level of satisfaction in communicating with spouse was lower than that of husband, with husband and wife showing 3.47 points and 3.41 points respectively.
Variables indicating statistically significant difference between husband and wife under family friendly work environment of two-earner couple were level of balance between work and family life, compatibility problem of work and family life, and weekly average work hours. In work and family life balance, firsthand, husbands' responses were "not balanced 15.0%", "fair 56.1%", and "balanced 28.9%", and wives' responses were "not balanced 23.9%", "fair 50.4%", and "balanced 25.7%". Thus, wife's imbalance ratio was higher than that husband by comparison. Besides, for the reason that makes work and family life difficult, husbands' responses were "home life problem 41.8%", and "work life problem 20.0%", and wives' responses were "home life problem 74.6%", and "work life problem 8.6%". As a result, wife showed more difficulty in juggling between home and work life. On the other hand, for weekly average work hours, husband's weekly work hours were longer than that of wife with husband and wife showing 47.94 hours and 45.55 hours respectively.
In the result of actual status of health grades of husband and wife of two-earner couple, health grades of families showed 7.51 for husband and 7.48 for wife but it did not indicate statistically significant difference. Also, husband was 7.16 points and wife was 7.21 points in the analysis result of level of happiness of husband and wife but did not show statistical significance.
Second, in the analysis result of happiness level difference according to socio-demographic feature among household related factors of two earner couple, socio-demographic features that showed statistically significant difference in husband's happiness include subjective evaluation of health and residing area, and socio-demographic features that showed statistically significant difference in wife's happiness include occupation, position, and subjective evaluation of health. In addition, socio- demographic features that showed statistically significant difference only in husband's happiness were residing area, and socio-demographic features that showed statistically significant difference only in wife's happiness were wife's occupation and position.
In the analysis result of happiness level difference according to finance related factors of two-earner couple, finance related factors that showed statistically significant difference in husband's happiness includes monthly average household income, one's monthly average income, monthly average saving, total financial asset, subjective economic condition, and class affiliation, and finance related factors that showed statistically significant difference in wife's happiness includes monthly average household income, monthly average saving, total financial asset, have house, subjective economic condition, and class affiliation. Especially, finance related factors that showed statistically significant difference only in husband's happiness include monthly average income, and finance related factors that showed statistically significant difference only in wife's happiness were have house.
In the analysis result of happiness level difference according to family friendly home surroundings of two-earner couple, home surroundings factors that showed statistically significant difference in husband's happiness include equal relation with spouse, level of satisfaction in communicating with spouse, level of satisfaction in housework/caring work sharing, and home surroundings factors that showed statistically significant difference in wife's happiness also, include equal relation with spouse, level of satisfaction in communicating with spouse, level of satisfaction in housework/caring work sharing.
In the analysis result of happiness level difference according to one's work environment like family friendly home surroundings of two-earner couple, one's work environment factors that showed statistically significant difference in husband's happiness include level of satisfaction in work, degree of work and family life balance, and one's work environment factors that showed statistically significant difference in wife's happiness include possible adjustment of work hours, level of work satisfaction, work and family life balance, compatability problem in work and family life.
Especially, one's work environment factors that showed statistically significant difference only in wife's happiness include possible adjustment of work hours and compatability problem in work and family life. The variable, health grades of two earner couple indicated statistically significant difference in happiness of husband and wife.
Third, in the result of conducting phased multiple regression analysis to analyze factors that have effects on happiness of two earner couple, variables that have significant effects on happiness in 1 phase multiple regression analysis, which figured out the influence of household related factors of husband's happiness, were class affiliation, subjective evaluation of health, residing area (small and medium-sized cities), monthly average saving in sequence and relative total explanation power of significant variables was 23.1% (Adj R2). And in the result of 2-1 phase multiple regression analysis which added family friendly home surroundings to phase 1, variables that have significant effects on happiness were class affiliation, level of satisfaction in communicating with spouse, subjective evaluation of health, monthly average saving in sequence, and total explanation power of these significant variables was 27.6% (Adj R2). In the result of 2-2 phase multiple regression analysis that added family friendly work environment factors to phase 1 regression model, significant variables that have effects on husband's happiness were class affiliation, subjective evaluation of health, residing area (small and medium-sized cities), work and family life balance, monthly average saving, possible adjustment of work hours in sequence, and total explanation power of these significant variables was 26.6% (Adj R2). In the result of 3 phase multiple regression analysis that added family friendly home surroundings and family friendly work environment to phase 1 regression model, significant variables that have effects on husband's happiness were level of satisfaction in communicating with spouse, class affiliation, subjective evaluation of health, work and family life balance, possible adjustment of work hours, monthly average saving in sequence, and total explanation power of these significant variables was 29.4% (Adj R2). Lastly, In the result of 4 phase multiple regression analysis that added health grades factors of families to phase 3, variables that have effects on husband's happiness were health grades of families, level of satisfaction in communicating with spouse, monthly average saving, work and family life balance in sequence, and total explanation power of these variables was 44.0%(Adj R2).
Next, in the result of 1 phase multiple regression analysis which figured out the influence of household related factors of wife's happiness, variables that have significant effect on happiness were class affiliation, subjective evaluation of health, monthly average saving in sequence, and total explanation power of these variables was 15.0% (Adj R2). In addition, in the result of 2-1 phase multiple regression analysis that added family friendly home surroundings to phase 1, variables that have significant effect on happiness were level of satisfaction in communicating with spouse, level of satisfaction in housework/caring work sharing, subjective evaluation of health, monthly average saving, class affiliation in sequence, and total explanation power of these variables was 28.0% (Adj R2). In the result of 2-2 phase multiple regression analysis that added family friendly work environment to phase 1 regression model, significant variables that have effects on wife's happiness were class affiliation, monthly average saving, subjective evaluation of health in sequence, and total explanation power of these variables was 16.9% (Adj R2). In the result of 3 phase multiple regression analysis that added family friendly home surroundings and family friendly work environment to phase 1, significant variables that have effects on wife's happiness were equal relation with spouse, level of satisfaction in communicating with spouse, monthly average saving, level of satisfaction in housework/caring work sharing, subjective evaluation of health in sequence, total explanation power of these variables was 27.7% (Adj R2). Lastly, in the result of 4 phased multiple regression analysis that added health grades factors of families to phase 3, variables that have significant effects on wife's happiness were health grades of families, level of satisfaction in communicating with spouse, monthly average saving, level of satisfaction in housework/caring work sharing, and total explanation power of these variables was 34.6% (Adj R2).
When comparing the results of multiple regression analysis of husband and wife's happiness in two earner couple, variables that have significant effects on both husband's happiness and wife's happiness in phase 1 multiple regression analysis were subjective evaluation of health, monthly average saving, class affiliation, and variable that has effect only on husband's happiness was residing area (small and medium sized cities). In the result of 2-1 phase multiple regression analysis, variables that have significant effects on both husband and wife's happiness were subjective evaluation of health, monthly average saving, class affiliation, level of satisfaction in communicating with spouse, and variable that has significant effect only on wife's happiness was level of satisfaction in housework/caring work sharing. In the result of 2-2 phase multiple regression analysis, variables that affect both husband and wife's happiness were subjective evaluation of health, monthly average saving, class affiliation, and variables that affect only husband's happiness were residing area (small and medium sized cities), possible adjustment in work hours, work and family life balance. In the 3 phase multiple regression analysis, variables that have significant effects on both husband and wife's happiness were subjective evaluation of health, monthly average saving, level of satisfaction in communicating with spouse, variables that have significant effects only on husband's happiness were class affiliation, possible adjustment of work hours, work and family life balance, and variables that have significant effects only on wife's happiness were level of satisfaction in housework/caring work sharing.
Conclusion based on above research results is as follows.
First, in the result of conducting 4 phase multiple regression analysis about factors that have effects on the happiness of two earner couple, a variable that have the biggest effect on both husband and wife was health grades of families. This result indicates that when health grades of husband and wife improve, the level of happiness increases as well. However, as husband and wife's perceptions about health grades of families are different and lead to different views in setting family goals, From each of two-earner couple's point of view, the level of happiness can be different. Therefore, task of figuring out concept of families' health grades and setting up consistent concept of couple's families' health grades should take place ahead of time, beside developing measures of families' health grades improvement and assurance based on subordinate scope of health grades of families.
Second, the variable with next biggest influence after health grades of families among the factors that have effects on happiness of two-earner couple was level of satisfaction in communicating with spouse, and the level of satisfaction in communicating with spouse had significant effect at each phase of multiple regression analysis. For this result, husband and wife need measures to increase the level of satisfaction in communicating with spouse, and for that to happen, a technique to smoothen couple's communication needs to be developed. In communicating with spouse, the fact that wife's satisfaction level is lower than that of husband, needs to be investigated if it is because of wife or husband. And based on the investigated fact, technique development to smoothen communication with spouse and training opportunity that applies such technique, should be expanded.
Third, happiness of two-earner couple is closely related to household monthly average saving and the more monthly average saving increases, the higher level of happiness became. As one reason of being two-earner couple is to stabilize and improve financial condition, in order to improve level of happiness, not only current financial conditions and problems should be examined and resolved, but also measures to increase periodical saving and saving through a long term financial design should be reviewed. Besides, financial management training should be implemented to figure out saving methods proper to situations of two-earner couple, and apply them to practical life, and financial institution's efforts are necessary to provide financial products development for two-earner couple household, education and consultations about various products, and financial information for tax benefits.
Fourth, among family friendly environment factors that have effects on happiness of two-earner couple, variable that has significant effect only on husband's happiness was just work and family life balance of one's work environment, and variable that has significant effect only on wife's happiness was level of satisfaction in housework/caring work sharing of home surroundings. This result indicates that causes of imbalance and problems in husband's work and home life need to be figured out, measures to keep the balance should be sought, actual status of wife's housework and caring work need to be figured out, and the problems should be resolved. Therefore, in order to keep family friendly home surroundings of husband and wife, more attention should be paid to systematic improvement at husband's workplace for his work and home life to be balanced, and the system and policy to adjust and support wife's housework sharing system need to be prepared.
Based on above research, suggestions for follow-up research are as follows.
First, family survey, the research data, includes information about happiness and health grades of families of two-earner couple, and family friendly home surroundings. However, happiness concept with subjective characteristic is treated as single question, and information about work condition related to two-earner couple is also limited. Concept of husband and wife's happiness can be different, measurements are varied, other facts such as reason for husband and wife working together, labor values at work and home, labor related services of home and society, and utilization of service support system, can be factors to determine the couple's happiness. Thus, in the follow-up research, psychological variables and labor environment variables should be developed to measure subelement of happiness concept, family friendly home surroundings and health grades of families, and elaborating task of the research model that includes such variables should be implemented.
Second, this research confirmed differences in happiness level based on subgroups such as level of satisfaction in housework/caring work sharing, level of work satisfaction, work and home life balance, compatability problems of work and home life, and health grades of families. For this result, there is a need for research subject segmentation based on significant variables for follow-up research. For instance, it can be meaningful to conduct a comparison research regarding happiness level of groups with lower and higher housework/caring work sharing ratio, groups with lower and higher level of satisfactions about work, groups that recognize home life problems or work life problems in juggling between work and home life, groups that do not recognize such problems at all, and groups that perceive the level of health grades of families low or high. Furthermore, possible adjustment of wife's work hours was shown as significant variable, and indicates that there is a need for follow-up research to deal with family friendly home surroundings in depth by considering whether to apply flexible work hour system.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 제 1장 서론 1
• 제 1절 문제의 제기 1
• 제 2절 연구의 목적 5
• 제 2장 이론적 배경 6
• 제 1절 행복의 개념과 맞벌이부부의 행복실태 6
• 1. 행복의 개념과 특성 6
• 2. 맞벌이부부의 행복실태 10
• 제 2절 맞벌이가구의 가족친화적 환경 12
• 1. 가정환경 13
• 2.직장환경 15
• 제 3절 가정건강성의 개념과 맞벌이부부의 가정건강성 실태 19
• 1. 가정건강성의 개념과 특성 19
• 2. 맞벌이가구의 가정건강성 실태 21
• 제 4절 행복에 영향을 미치는 요인 23
• 1. 가구관련 요인 23
• 2. 가족친화적 환경 요인 26
• 3. 가정건강성 요인 29
• 제 3장 연구방법 31
• 제 1절 연구문제 31
• 제 2절 조사대상 및 측정도구 32
• 1. 자료 및 표본 32
• 2. 측정도구의 구성 32
• 제 3절 분석방법 38
• 제 4장 연구결과 및 해석 39
• 제 1절 맞벌이가구의 실태 39
• 1. 맞벌이부부의 가구관련 실태 39
• 2. 맞벌이부부의 가족친화적 환경실태 42
• 3. 맞벌이부부의 가정건강성 실태 45
• 4. 맞벌이부부의 행복수준 45
• 제 2절 맞벌이부부의 가구관련 요인, 가족친화적 환경, 가정건강성에 따른 행복수준 46
• 1. 맞벌이부부의 가구관련 요인에 따른 행복수준 46
• 2. 맞벌이부부의 가족친화적 환경요인에 따른 행복수준 53
• 3. 맞벌이부부의 가정건강성 요인에 따른 행복수준 58
• 제 3절 맞벌이부부의 행복에 영향을 미치는 요인 60
• 1. 맞벌이부부의 행복에 영향을 미치는 요인 61
• 2. 맞벌이부부의 행복에 영향을 미치는 요인 비교 72
• 제 5장 결론 및 제언 77
• 참고문헌 86
• <부록 1> 상관계수표(남편) 96
• <부록 2> 상관계수표(아내) 97
• <부록 3> 다중공선성 검증(종속변수 : 행복) 98
• <부록 4> 다중공선성 검증(종속변수 : 행복) 99
• ABSTRACT 100