Illich(1970) conceived the idea of ‘Opportunity web’ that was the alternative of existing in school education in the period of 1970 at which the internet system was not generalized. About this point of view, he thought that the new school educatio...
Illich(1970) conceived the idea of ‘Opportunity web’ that was the alternative of existing in school education in the period of 1970 at which the internet system was not generalized. About this point of view, he thought that the new school education has to be started from a proposition of “what does the student study?” to a question of “what kind of things and people for studying does the student want to contact with?”
This idea is very similar in a notion for existing smart school education to be advocated. For instance, the environment of existing smart school education is appeared in same ways required by the informationalized period that is collapsed the physical barrier of an advent of a open, participatory and sharing character and a creation on the educational environment that is occurred by the above advent owing to development of information communications technology and participated in the teaching field by external experts and someone who is interested in, eventually, communications are fulfilled, the relationship is formed and the exchange of information become active between the diversified members.
This is the just time that smart education is needed to approach an application of smart equipments(approach the state-of-the-art Information and Technology infrastructure) and the teaching method and the studying method through an educational engineering way. Besides, it is needed to have a perspective of looking at the bigger picture for the school which transfers knowledges required in the period of industrialization fragmentarily and is not out of the uniform ways on the direction for proceeding of smart educational system required by the informationalized period through a educational philosophy approach.
This study examines the core elements and problems of smart education carried forward at the present time by applications and references of all sorts of previous researches, studies, papers and press releases which are associated with smart education. The main way of this research is a literature research. Through this way, the triangulation on the expert group is implemented for what the core principle of Illich’s ‘Opportunity web’ drawn through this way implicates to the smart educational system.
First of all, it is implemented to analyze broad and diverse papers, academic research and other studies on the definition and the core principle of smart education, as a result of this implementation, the core principle is drawn a conclusion on an application of smart equipments(approach the state-of-the-art Information and Technology infrastructure), a learning based on a community through social networks, a bidirectional learning focused on learner through an intelligent, adaptable and customized education and a communicational support and a support for learning designs focused on learner(a self directed learning).
Moreover, this study found three problems on smart education which is currently underway. First, an absence of the definition and the discussion between scholars on smart education, second, so far from doing the exploration of educational essentials, doing excessive concentration on an instrumental approach(smart equipments and infrastructure), third, concerns about the effect of learning
which has not attested and the side effect of emotion and fourth, an existence of a paradigm in the period of industrialization and limitations on an inflexible educational policy and legal system.
Illich suggests four networks on the core elements of Opportunity web that helps the learner define his learning and makes him use all kinds of educational resources as follows. First, a network(a duty of reference on the educational materials) which makes the learner use the necessary ways, means and teaching materials the time when whoever wants to study, second, a network(exchange the functions and connection between learners) which enables someone who has the knowledge and wants to instruct and spread his knowledge to find the learner who tries to learn from him to find and third, a network(a professional educationist) which enables above two networks to be planed, operated and to guide him to a learner, under this process, it is necessary for a professional educationist to offer the administrative, technical, legal and regulative organization.
It is definitely needed the technical ability based on the present state-of-the-art smart system for an application and realization of a definition on the Opportunity web and smart intelligence based on Big Data will be helpful to operate the Opportunity web in reality. It is considered that a social media extends a range of barrier between learners of study group from the distance between learners and lecturers to the distance between many and unspecified persons whoever.
This idea has a thread of connection with the Illich’s view, that is an exchange of the function, in which it is necessary for a lecturer or a teacher to let him choice a course, a material and any other things related to education or lecture to study liberally whatever he wants and exchange his own function on education with anyone rather than exist under the situation of being forced to lecture.
The implementation for the new educational system based on the ‘Opportunity web’ with an enforcement on the learners’ choice and his autonomy in the process of studying rather than compulsion of standardized educational process managed by the administration of education is required necessarily from this time forward.
A network of peer-matching and a network of educational exchanges or a person who posses an ability to create and operate a network(a person in charge of educational administrative matters) under the opinion of Illich’s four network theory is required smooth realization on a connection with SNS services, a providence of a service based of wiki, a management of a community service and membership and a support of durational cooperation learning.
The professional educator(an educational consultant) with an ability of guidance of the network for a student and a school-parents is required for a support for a network in which the Reference Services to Educators is fulfilled,
It is the time needed to transfer from the time when there existed the smart education regimes in schools based on the standardized educational system in the period of industrialization to the time when there existed the other smart education regimes aimed at looking the whole society as the educational space and heading on the lifelong education.